Health literacy, a more complex concept than knowledge, is a required capacity to obtain, understand, integrate and act on health information [1], in order to enhance individual and community health, which is defined by different levels, according to the autonomy and personal capacitation in decision making [2]. Medium levels of Health literacy in an adolescent population were found in a study conducted in 2013/2014, being higher in sexual and reproductive health and lower in substance use. It was also noticed that the higher levels of health literacy were in the area adolescents refer to have receipt more health information. The health literacy competence with higher scores was communication skills, and the lower scores were in the capacity to analyze factors that influence health. Higher levels were also found in younger teenagers, but in a higher school level, confirming the importance of health education in these age and development stage. Adolescents seek more information in health professionals and parents, being friends more valued as a source information in older adolescents, which enhance the importance of peer education mainly in older adolescents [3]. As a set of competences based on knowledge, health literacy should be developed through education interventions, encompassing the cultural and social context of individuals, since the society, culture and education system where the individual is inserted can define the way the development and enforcement of the health literacy competences [4]. The valued sources of information should be taken into account, as well as needs of information in some topics referred by adolescents in an efficient health education. Schizophrenia is a serious and chronic mental illness which has a profound effect on the health and well-being related with the well-known nature of psychotic symptoms. The exercise has the potential to improve the life of people with schizophrenia improving physical health and alleviating psychiatric symptoms. However, most people with schizophrenia remains sedentary and lack of access to exercise programs are barriers to achieve health benefits. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of exercise on I) the type of intervention in mental health, II) in salivary levels of alpha-amylase and cortisol and serum levels of S100B and BDNF, and on III) the quality of life and selfperception of the physical domain of people with schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 31 females in long-term institutions in the Casa de Saúde Rainha Santa Isabel, with age between 25 and 63, and with diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Physical fitness was assessed by the six-minute walk distance test (6MWD). Biological variables were determined by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Psychological variables were assessed using SF-36, PSPP-SCV, RSES and SWLS tests. Walking exercise has a positive impact on physical fitness (6MWD -p = 0.001) and physical components of the psychological test...

Given the wide range of methodologies employed, it is not possible to recommend the most appropriate for assessing MCo. Researchers should adopt recognized standards in future work. This is needed before consensus about the role that MCo plays in gait impairment in neurological diseases and its potential as a target for gait rehabilitation can be determined.

Fast speed and self-perceived balance appear to be important characteristics of ICW at 6 months and may be useful early predictors of the potential for patients to achieve this. Further research is needed to ensure the precision of these functional cut-offs.

Subjects with stroke commonly present longer MCo during walking, probably in an attempt to improve walking ability. However, to ensure recommendations for clinical practice, further research with standardized methodologies is needed.

AKP restricts functioning and participation.

A significant decrease of upper limb functionality occurs after stroke (Nunes et al., 2005). There are two different approaches on upper limb rehabilitation of stroke patients: unilateral and bilateral protocols (Byblow and Lewis, 2004). The main goal of this study was to assess the differences in the functionality of the hemiparetic upper limb (HUL) among individuals with chronic hemiparesis submitted to a Unilateral Protocol (UP) and those submitted to a Bilateral Protocol (BP). Eight individuals with stroke and chronic hemiparesis were recruited and randomly divided in two groups (four participants in each group). All participants were followed during six weeks and evaluated at four different moments of the intervention protocol using the Fulg-Meyer (FM) Assessment Scale (Fulg Meyer et al. 1975) and the Purdue Pegboard (PP) (Tiffin, 1948). The statistical procedures included percentage evolution and descriptive analysis for each participant. The findings suggest that the UP presented more favorably evolution, considering the FM (9%, 15%, 15%, 0%) and the PP (18%, 8%,-, 10%), when compared with the BP for the FM (0%,-1%, 11%,-22%) and PP (1%, 19%,-, 0%). Therefore, this study suggests that Unilateral Protocols are at least as effective as Bilateral Protocols on hemiparetic upper limb rehabilitation.

A high number of children with cerebral palsy (CP) have spastic gait and consequently abnormalities in joint patterns. Several factors have been contributing to the lack of consensus on the spasticity effect in cerebral palsy gait and would be summarized and discussed in this chapter, e.g., spastic gait patterns are in constant evolution during the process of growth; there are still considerable limitations in the methodologies used to assess spasticity during gait; a wide range of rehabilitation strategies have been explored to control spasticity during gait. Spastic gait patterns are divided in hemiplegic (5 types) and diplegic (4 types) with the most prevalent joint abnormalities described in the sagittal plane. Ashworth, Tardieu, and DAROM scales and Pendulum Tests are widely used to assess spasticity but do not reliably explain the spasticity effects during gait. Orthotics, adequate exercise or handling techniques, botulinum injections, or surgical procedures have been used to manage spasticity effects.

This study aimed at understanding how physical therapy students recognize a modern board game experience as an opportunity to train socioemotional skills. Thirteen physical therapy students participated in a learning experience using the Magic Maze board game and were assessed in terms of critical thinking, empathy, and problem-solving perceived experience. The facilitator's perceptions were also registered. Students showed to be goal oriented focusing on choosing different solutions and reflecting critically on the most suitable one. Magic Maze was classified as a relevant learning method for other serious purposes.