A new questionnaire on aggression was constructed. Replicated factor analyses yielded 4 scales: Physical Aggression, Verbal Aggression, Anger, and Hostility. Correlational analysis revealed that anger is the bridge between both physical and verbal aggression and hostility. The scales showed internal consistency and stability over time. Men scored slightly higher on Verbal Aggression and Hostility and much higher on Physical Aggression. There was no sex difference for Anger. The various scales correlated differently with various personality traits. Scale scores correlated with peer nominations of the various kinds of aggression. These findings suggest the need to assess not only overall aggression but also its individual components.

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The rapid and accelerating move towards use of mobile technologies has increasingly provided people and organizations with the ability to work away from the office and on the move. The new ways of working afforded by these technologies are often characterized in terms of access to information and people anytime, anywhere. This article presents a study of mobile workers that highlights different facets of access to remote people and information, and different facets of anytime, anywhere. Four key factors in mobile work are identified: the role of planning, working in "dead time," accessing remote technological and informational resources, and monitoring the activities of remote colleagues. By reflecting on these issues, we can better understand the role of technology and artifacts in mobile work and identify the opportunities for the development of appropriate technological solutions to support mobile workers.

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The Grb10 adapter protein is capable of interacting with a variety of receptor tyrosine kinases, including, notably, the insulin receptor. Biochemical and cell culture experiments have indicated that Grb10 might act as an inhibitor of insulin signaling. We have used mice with a disruption of the Grb10 gene (Grb10⌬2-4 mice) to assess whether Grb10 might influence insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis in vivo. Adult Grb10⌬2-4 mice were found to have improved whole-body glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, as well as increased muscle mass and reduced adiposity. Tissue-specific changes in insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation were consistent with a model in which Grb10, like the closely related Grb14 adapter protein, prevents specific protein tyrosine phosphatases from accessing phosphorylated tyrosines within the kinase activation loop. Furthermore, insulin-induced IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation was enhanced in Grb10⌬2-4 mutant animals, supporting a role for Grb10 in attenuation of signal transmission from the insulin receptor to IRS-1. We have previously shown that Grb10 strongly influences growth of the fetus and placenta. Thus, Grb10 forms a link between fetal growth and glucose-regulated metabolism in postnatal life and is a candidate for involvement in the process of fetal programming of adult metabolic health.Insulin controls glucose homeostasis by regulating protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Cellular responses to insulin in target tissues, such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver, are mediated via the insulin receptor (Insr) (reviewed in reference 51). Activation of the Insr results in tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular docking proteins such as Shc and IRS-1 through IRS-4, which then bind specific Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing enzymes and adapters, leading to the activation of downstream signaling cascades. A critical event mediating insulin regulation of metabolic endpoints is the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). This stimulates the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate, which induces plasma membrane recruitment and subsequent phosphorylation of protein kinase B (also known as Akt), a key player in the regulation of glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. Activation of the Insr and downstream signaling results in increased glucose uptake, utilization, and storage in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, while decreased gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis and increased glycogen synthesis occur in the liver (reviewed in reference 51). Resistance to these effects of insulin is a defining feature of type 2 diabetes, a polygenic disease afflicting over 110 million people worldwide. Impaired insulin action is also a feature of obesity and predisposes people to arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, facts which highlight its importance in human health. The fundamental role of the Insr in insulin action was demonstrated following targeted disruption of the receptor (1, 29). To dissect the contribution of individual tissues to gl...