The need for energy and environmental sustainability has spurred investments in renewable energy technologies worldwide. However, the flexibility needs of the power system have increased due to the intermittent nature of the energy sources. This paper investigates the prospects of interlinking short-term flexibility value into long-term capacity planning towards achieving a microgrid with a high renewable energy fraction. Demand Response Programs (DRP) based on critical peak and time-ahead dynamic pricing are compared for effective demand-side flexibility management. The system components include PV, wind, and energy storages (ESS), and several optimal component-sizing scenarios are evaluated and compared using two different ESSs without and with the inclusion of DRP. To achieve this, a multi-objective problem which involves the simultaneous minimization of the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) index and total life-cycle costs is solved under each scenario to investigate the most cost-effective microgrid planning approach. The time-ahead resource forecast for DRP was implemented using the scikit-learn package in Python, and the optimization problems are solved using the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm in MATLAB R . From the results, the inclusion of forecast-based DRP and PHES resulted in significant investment cost savings due to reduced system component sizing.Keywords: demand response program (DRP); photovoltaic system (PV); pumped heat energy storage (PHES); critical peak pricing (CPP) DRP; time-ahead dynamic pricing (TADP) DRP; loss of power supply probability (LPSP); energy storage system (ESS); Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO)
The need for innovative pathways for future zero-emission and sustainable power development has recently accelerated the uptake of variable renewable energy resources (VREs). However, integration of VREs such as photovoltaic and wind generators requires the right approaches to design and operational planning towards coping with the fluctuating outputs. This paper investigates the technical and economic prospects of scheduling flexible demand resources (FDRs) in optimal configuration planning of VRE-based microgrids. The proposed demand-side management (DSM) strategy considers short-term power generation forecast to efficiently schedule the FDRs ahead of time in order to minimize the gap between generation and load demand. The objective is to determine the optimal size of the battery energy storage, photovoltaic and wind systems at minimum total investment costs. Two simulation scenarios, without and with the consideration of DSM, were investigated. The random forest algorithm implemented on scikit-learn python environment is utilized for short-term power prediction, and mixed integer linear programming (MILP) on MATLAB® is used for optimum configuration optimization. From the simulation results obtained here, the application of FDR scheduling resulted in a significant cost saving of investment costs. Moreover, the proposed approach demonstrated the effectiveness of the FDR in minimizing the mismatch between the generation and load demand.
A bi-objective joint optimization planning approach that combines component sizing and short-term operational planning into a single model with demand response strategies to realize a techno-economically feasible renewable energy-based microgrid is discussed in this paper. The system model includes a photovoltaic system, wind turbine, and battery. An enhanced demand response program with dynamic pricing devised based on instantaneous imbalances between surplus, deficit, and the battery’s power capacity is developed. A quantitative metric for assessing energy storage performance is also proposed and utilized. Emergency, critical peak pricing, and power capacity-based dynamic pricing (PCDP) demand response programs (DRPs) are comparatively analyzed to determine the most cost-effective planning approach. Four simulation scenarios to determine the most techno-economic planning approach are formulated and solved using a mixed-integer linear programming algorithm optimization solver with the epsilon constraint method in Matlab. The objective function is to minimize the total annualized costs (TACs) while satisfying the reliability criterion regarding the loss of power supply probability and energy storage dependency. The results show that including the DRP resulted in a significant reduction in TACs and system component capacities. The cost-benefit of incorporating PCDP DRP strategies in the planning model increases the overall system flexibility.
Power outage is a prominent feature of the current Nigerian power system. However, a properly planned energy sector can help the nations quest for energy sustainability and economic development. Techno-economic assessment of the Nigerian energy facilities for efficient gas-to-grid power integration is presented in this paper using the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) for solving a voltage stability-constrained optimal power flow model on Matlab environment. Investment in gas-fired DG technology can be an economic and sustainable approach for reducing the detrimental effeccts of gas-flaring practices of the petroleum industries on the environment. The technical benefits such as voltage profile improvement and voltage stability enhancement are the main focus of the technical analysis carried out in this study.
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