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This paper proposes a method for simple projecting of annual elevator electricity consumption based on short-term energy measurements and identifies challenges in the determination of actual energy consumption based on kWh meter readings. The study also analyzes the impact of the employed elevator technology, building type, and seasonal variations in elevator usage on the calculation of the annual consumption. Thus, the method can be adopted in different regions with varying elevator usage. The approach employs elevator specific daily energy consumption measured on the prevailing day types. The reliability of the proposed approach was analyzed and the performance compared to actual measured annual consumption and estimates provided by commonly adopted energy efficiency classification schemes, VDI 4707-1:2009 and ISO 25745-2:2015. The results of the monitored office elevator indicated that the proposed method performs generally better than the competing approaches.

Preface helped to carry on. My deepest gratitude goes to my parents for their unconditional love and support throughout the years. I am also especially grateful to Laura for her love, encouragement and seemingly unlimited patience to listen to my daily gibberish regarding the research.

This paper proposes a framework for modeling the instantaneous power consumption of individual elevators and elevator groups based on passenger traffic. Though elevators have a key role in the modern urban society, they have remained as rather neglected appliances in the energy efficiency research. To accelerate the energy efficiency studies of elevators, this paper has two major contributions. First, we propose means to model the instantaneous power consumption of individual elevators and elevator groups and analyze the reliability of these means versus the complexity of the modeling. Second, we present an elevator group control scheme to organize the elevator dispatching according to the simulated passenger traffic. When combined, these methods yield enhanced predictions about the energy and power consumption of elevators in a specific type of building with measured or simulated movement of occupants.