Modeling uncertain passenger arrivals in the elevator dispatching problem with destination control

Sorsa, Janne; Ehtamo, Harri; Kuusinen, Juha Matti; Ruokokoski, Mirko; Siikonen, Marja Liisa

doi:10.1007/s11590-017-1130-0

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…9 Recent advances, however, enable modelling of social groups in people flow planning tools and lift control systems. [10][11][12][13] This paper confirms earlier findings of the group size in an office building and adds further contributions over the earlier studies. 6,10 To apply the developed models in practice, the size of social groups in nine multi-storey buildings around the world is reported.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…[10][11][12][13] This paper confirms earlier findings of the group size in an office building and adds further contributions over the earlier studies. 6,10 To apply the developed models in practice, the size of social groups in nine multi-storey buildings around the world is reported. The results increase the general understanding of the phenomenon: how widespread is the tendency of people to move in groups inside buildings and how large is group size variation in different kinds of buildings and at different times of day.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…9 Recent advances, however, enable modelling of social groups in people flow planning tools and lift control systems. 10–13…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A field study and analysis of passengers arriving at lift lobbies in social groups in multi-storey office, hotel and residential buildings

Sorsa¹,

Siikonen²,

Kuusinen³

et al. 2020

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This field study was made to study the size of social groups among passengers travelling with lifts. The group size was observed in three types of buildings located in four countries, totally in nine multi-storey buildings. The observations were carried out manually for 12 hours on a normal weekday. Analysis results show that the daily mean group size was generally low: 1.2–1.3 persons in the offices, 1.3–2.0 persons in the hotels and 1.1–1.4 persons in the residential buildings. Hourly means differed significantly from the daily means for each building. This suggests that group size should be considered on hourly or shorter basis. In addition, goodness-of-fit tests were conducted to determine a statistical model for the group size. A geometric distribution was found to fit the data the best across all building types which simplifies modeling of passenger group arrivals in buildings. Practical application: This article contributes to the understanding of lift passenger tendency to travel in socially connected groups in multi-storey buildings. A unique data set of group size observations around the world is reported on an hourly basis for office, hotel and residential buildings. A geometric distribution is proposed to model the group size statistically, which simplifies the use of socially connected groups when generating passengers in lift traffic simulations. The real-world data and the statistical model of the group size enable more realistic lift traffic simulations that are routinely conducted during the design phase of multi-storey buildings.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A field study and analysis of passengers arriving at lift lobbies in social groups in multi-storey office, hotel and residential buildings

Sorsa¹,

Siikonen²,

Kuusinen³

et al. 2020

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Compared to individually arriving passengers, the overall number of starts during a day decreases due to the batch effect. 18…”

Section: Modelled Running Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study for improving the energy efficiency of lifts with adjustable counterweighting

Tukia

Uimonen

Siikonen³

et al. 2017

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article presents a study of the potential energy efficiency improvement by means of adjusting the lift counterweight. The lift energy consumption in different counterweight setups is studied by employing measured lift traffic and energy consumption data from an office building in Finland. Overall, dimensioning the counterweight based on traffic analysis is one of the fastest and most cost-effective means of improving the energy efficiency of lifts. The results from the building imply, however, that with a relatively constant loading throughout the day, the continuous adjusting of the counterweight provides limited energy savings compared to systems where the counterweight is sized according to the average load. Nevertheless, active adjustment of the counterweight size may provide considerable savings in lift systems if there is a wide variation in the car loading between the hours of the day. Furthermore, reducing the counterweight potentially improves the ISO 25745-2 energy efficiency classification of the lift, thus increasing the product attractiveness in the market. Practical Application This article presents practical approaches to analysing the energy consumption of counterbalanced lifts. The modelled results can be used to optimise the mass of the counterweight in order to achieve considerable energy savings in the actual or expected traffic profile.

show abstract

“…The third reason is that integer OD counts make it possible to model the passenger traffic uncertainties in the EDP as a geometric Poisson process, which results in good performance with respect to passenger service level. 16 Although the ETODM estimation problem is NP-hard 17 (roughly, polynomial time algorithms are unlikely to exist for this problem), the problem instances occurring in reality are often so simple that all or at least many solutions can be found fast enough considering the time constraints of a real EGCS, usually in less than half-second. 15 Kuusinen and Malapert 18 present a constraint programming (CP)-based formulation of the ETODM estimation problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of elevator passenger traffic based on the most likely elevator trip origin-destination matrices

Malapert

Kuusinen²

2017

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present a constraint programming formulation for the elevator trip origin-destination matrix estimation problem using a lexicographic bi-criteria optimization method where least squares minimization is applied to the measured counts and the minimum information or the maximum entropy approach to the whole matrix. An elevator trip consists of successive stops in one direction of travel with passengers inside the elevator. It can be defined as a directed network, where the nodes correspond to the stops on the trip and the arcs to the possible origins and destinations of the passengers. The goal is to estimate the most likely counts of passengers for the origin-destination pairs of every elevator trip occurring in a building that are consistent with the measured boarding and alighting counts and any prior information about the trip matrix. These counts are used to make passenger traffic forecasts which, in turn, are used in elevator dispatching to reduce uncertainties related to future passengers and therefore to improve passenger service level. Artificial test data was obtained by simulations of lunch hour traffic in a typical multi-story office building. This resulted in complex problem instances that enable robust performance and quality testing. The results show that the proposed approach outperforms previous alternatives in terms of quality, and can take an advantage of prior information. In addition, the proposed approach satisfies real time elevator group control requirements for estimating elevator trip origin-destination matrices. Practical application: The elevator trip origin-destination matrix estimation problem is important since it makes it possible to obtain complete information and statistics about the elevator passenger traffic. The statistics can be used to model future passengers which, when taken into account in the elevator group control, helps to improve passenger service level. Simulation experiments show that most of the problems occurring in reality can be solved within a reasonable time considering a real application, and the solving algorithms are relatively easy to implement using available constraint programming tools. Hence, this work is undoubtedly of interest to the building and elevator industry.

show abstract

Modeling uncertain passenger arrivals in the elevator dispatching problem with destination control

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

A field study and analysis of passengers arriving at lift lobbies in social groups in multi-storey office, hotel and residential buildings

A field study and analysis of passengers arriving at lift lobbies in social groups in multi-storey office, hotel and residential buildings

A study for improving the energy efficiency of lifts with adjustable counterweighting

Estimation of elevator passenger traffic based on the most likely elevator trip origin-destination matrices

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About