One of the ways to reduce the water consumption by plants while maintaining their proper quality is to use substances that limit excessive transpiration. Three preparations at following concentrations: Moisturin (10%), Root-Zone (4.5%) and Vapor Gard (1%), were used in the experiment. Moisturin and Vapor Gard were applied in the form of a single spray, and Root-Zone as a single irrigation in mid July.The aim of the research was to assess the effect of several anti-transpirants on some biometric features of the ‘Tardiva’ panicled hydrangea depending on the frequency of irrigation. The following parameters were measured: area, perimeter, width and length of leaf blade, length and width of inflorescences, and the diameter of shoots. Treatment of H. paniculata cv. ‘Tardiva’ with Root-Zone and Moisturin anti-transpirants with a single irrigation every other day allows to reduce the water consumption and obtain shrubs of a quality comparable with plants irrigated twice a day. The use of Moisturin with a twice daily irrigation positively affected the length and width of inflorescences.
The growth of Topospora myrtilli isolates, obtained in the years 2001-2003, was studied on PDA medium at -10, +2, +6, +12, +18, +22 and +28°C. The growth and sporulation of the isolates were observed at +22°C on the following culture media: PDA, maltose - MA and mineral - MSA, as well as on two versions of oat media, one containing 20 g of oat flakes per litre (OA-20), and the other containing 50 g of oat flakes per litre (OA-50). The observations of the linear growth of colonies of the studied strains were carried out during a period of 21 days, whereas the formation of morphological structures until the 52nd day of cultivation. It was found that T. myrtilli can grow and sporulate in a wide range of temperature, even at +2°C. The pathogen growth activates with the increase of temperature, up to the optimal temperature, i.e. from +18°C to +22°C. The increase of temperature to +28°C did not favour the mycelium growth and prevents pathogen sporulation. PDA, OA-20, OA- 50 and MA media can be considered to be the most suitable for the growth and development of T. myrtilli, due to the intensive growth and formation of typical macro- and microscopic features. It is necessary to emphasise the great usefulness of oat medium, especially OA-50, for the cultivation of Topospora myrtilli, in the aspect of sporulation of the fungus. It was found that mineral medium is unsuitable due to the formation of mycelium with an untypical structure and colouration as well as late conidial sporulation
The experiment assess the effectiveness of two mineral oils: Sunspray 850 EC (85% mineral oil) and Sunspray Ultra-Fine (98.8% mineral oil) on tulip 'Leen van der Mark' fields. Tulip plants were sprayed once a week for three weeks. Mineral oils were applied at concentrations of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%. The oil preparations did not negatively affect the length of flower shoot and tepals of tulips grown in field. No phytotoxic symptoms were observed on leaves, however their color was altered. In all combinations protected using oils, the number of plants with virus symptoms on petals was lower than for control. No decrease in the commercial and the first choice bulb yields due to the mineral oils application were recorded. Mineral oils applied at concentration up to 2.0% had no negative contribution on the quality of produced tulip flowers. Despite of the selection made in the field, from 60 to 73% plants showed virus symptoms in control combination during plant forcing. Efficiency of oils in reducing the spread of viruses depended on the year of study and oil type. The best effects were achieved using Sunspray 850 EC at 1.5% concentration (26% virus-infected plants). The oil preparations, despite of high efficiency in reducing the virus spread, did not guarantee a full protection in the field in any year of study.
Lwów to największe miasto zachodniej Ukrainy. Autorzy pracy omawiają trzy parki publiczne położone w centrum miasta, przedstawiając ich zarys historyczny, kompozycje i układ przestrzenny oraz obiekty małej architektury. Należą do nich: Park Iwana Franki, Centralny Park Kultury i Wypoczynku im. Bohdana Chmielnickiego oraz Park Stryjski. Te publiczne miejskie założenia parkowe posiadają interesującą historię powstania i przekształceń, pełnią funkcje wypoczynkowe i rekreacyjne, porasta je cenna dendroflora oraz stanowią miejsce bytowania ptaków. W parkach wyznaczone są wygodne ścieżki i trasy do spacerowania, a w ich obrębie znajdują się spersonalizowane na potrzeby miasta Lwowa obiekty małej architektury (kosze na śmieci, ławki, latarnie), a ponadto również place zabaw, altany czy pomniki.
Striving to intensify horticultural production, new and more effective bio-preparations are being sought to stimulate plant growth and development. Bio-algeen S90 is a natural agent based on sea algae, the high bi- ological activity of which results from the high content of natural growth regulators. The aim of the study was to verify the influence of Bio-algeen S90 on the growth, morphological characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence of Rosa multiflora seedlings. The bio-preparation was applied one, two and three times at con- centrations: 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg.dm−3. Following parameters were measured to evaluate the response of plants to the bio-preparation: F0 – initial fluorescence, Fm – maximal fluorescence in the dark-adapted state, Fv/Fm – maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII. All concentrations of the bio-preparation and frequency of its application stimulated the number of shoots in a bush, the length of shoots and the diameter of the root crown of plants intended for budding. The most beneficial was the two-fold bio-preparation application at a concentration of 0.4 mg.dm–3. Bio-algeen also positively influenced the chlorophyll fluorescence parame- ters. The highest mean F0 and Fm values were recorded with the two-fold preparation treatment. There was no significant effect of the bio-preparation on the Fv/Fm index, which was within the range of 0.75–0.66.
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