One of the ways to reduce the water consumption by plants while maintaining their proper quality is to use substances that limit excessive transpiration. Three preparations at following concentrations: Moisturin (10%), Root-Zone (4.5%) and Vapor Gard (1%), were used in the experiment. Moisturin and Vapor Gard were applied in the form of a single spray, and Root-Zone as a single irrigation in mid July.The aim of the research was to assess the effect of several anti-transpirants on some biometric features of the ‘Tardiva’ panicled hydrangea depending on the frequency of irrigation. The following parameters were measured: area, perimeter, width and length of leaf blade, length and width of inflorescences, and the diameter of shoots. Treatment of H. paniculata cv. ‘Tardiva’ with Root-Zone and Moisturin anti-transpirants with a single irrigation every other day allows to reduce the water consumption and obtain shrubs of a quality comparable with plants irrigated twice a day. The use of Moisturin with a twice daily irrigation positively affected the length and width of inflorescences.
SummarySparaxis corms were planted on 20. 04, 29.04, 10.05 and 20.05. The highest number of flower stems and flowers were obtained when planting corms on the earliest date. The longest blooming (42-83 days) was when corms were planted in the first decade of May. Delaying of planting successively decreased a number of inflorescences and flowers. Planting corms from the second decade of April till the first decade of May allows to maintain blossom continuity from the half of July till the end of August (in Lubelszczyzna region). . W naszym klimacie roliny nie s¹ mrozoodporne (L a n g e s l a g , 1989; D e H e r t o g h i L e N a r d , 1993), dlatego bulwy sparaksisu sadzimy wiosn¹ i corocznie wykopujemy pod koniec lata. Okrelenie optymalnego terminu sadzenia dla rolin pochodz¹cych ze stref odmiennych klimatycznie jest warunkiem ich prawid³owego wzrostu i obfitego kwitnienia. Dobór terminu sadzenia musi uwzglêdniaae wymagania temperaturowe rolin, a tak¿e ich preferencje wzglêdem d³ugoci dnia,
Podczas mikrorozmnażania roślin ozdobnych obserwowano zanieczyszczenia pożywki oraz mikrobulw gloriozy i mikropędów czosnków. W celu poznania mikroorganizmów zagrażających kulturom in vitro przeprowadzono identyfikację grzybów i bakterii na podstawie cech morfologicznych oraz wybranych testów fizjologicznych i biochemicznych. W przypadku bakterii przeprowadzono także testy patogeniczności, aby w pełni ocenić ich szkodliwość. Okazało się, że najczęściej izolowano niepatogeniczne bakterie, wśród których dominowały Gram-ujemne należące do rodzajów Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Klebsiella i Erwinia. Jednak 5 pektolitycznych izolatów Erwinia (Pectobacterium) wyizolowanych z mikropędów czosnków uznano za patogeniczne, bowiem powodowały zgniliznę pędów badanych taksonów tej rośliny. Do najczęściej izolowanych grzybów należały gatunki z rodzajów Sarocladium, Penicillium, Talaromyces i Cladosporium, które powszechnie występują w przyrodzie jako saprotrofy.
The aim of work was to evaluate the influence of cytokinins on dahlia propagated in vitro and their consequent effect on acclimatization. Plant material were shoot tips and nodes. From three cytokinins, benzyladenine, kinetin and 2-isopentenyl-adenine, only BA effectively stimulated shoot multiplication from axiliary buds. The highest multiplication rate was obtained from nodes in presence of 0.25–0.5 mg·dm–3 BA. Higher concentrations shortened internodes and decreased leaf blades and growth of callus. 1 mg·dm–3 of KIN and 2iP positively influenced shoots growth and size of leaves. Gibberellic acid (GA3) used with BA increased the number of axillary shoots. The best quality shoots and the highest multiplication rate were obtained when 2 mg·dm–3 BA was used with 5 mg·dm–3 GA3. Cytokinins affected rooting and acclimatization ex vitro. Dahlias shoots multiplicated in presence of 1 mg·dm–3 KIN or 2iP rooted faster in the soil and 100% survived in field, while those from 1 mg·dm–3 BA media rooted slowly, had shorter shoots and only 60% survived. Plants bloomed after 11–12 weeks in the field. Dahlia plants that had been multiplicated in presence of KIN had a bigger diameter and fresh weight in the field. BA and 2iP positively influenced flowers diameter, length of flower stalk and a number of first order shoots.
Recently, the ecological awareness of society and the need to take care of our surroundings and the natural environment has significantly increased. There is also an urgent problem of searching for new, environmentally friendly techniques for its purification (soil, ground and surface waters, sewage sludge and air) with the use of living organisms, especially higher plants. One plant species investigated for phytoremediation is canna. Ten varieties of canna, grown on degraded and garden soil, were tested in this respect. The disease index and species composition of fungi inhabiting its organs, growth dynamics, parameters of photosynthesis and gas exchange were determined. The conducted research showed that cannas are able to satisfactorily grow even in seemingly unfavorable soil conditions with its strong degradation. Among a total of 24 species of fungi obtained from its organs, genus Fusarium, considered as pathogenic for canna, Alternaria alternata, and, less frequently, Thanatephorus cucumeris and Botrytis cinerea, dominated. The cultivars ‘Picasso’, ‘Cherry Red’, ‘President’ and ‘La Boheme’ had lower rates of photosynthesis and gas exchange than the least affected ‘Botanica’, ‘Wyoming’, ‘Robert Kemp’ and ‘Lucifer’ cultivars. Those turned out to be the most beneficial and they can be recommended for cultivation on strongly degenerated soils.
Striving to intensify horticultural production, new and more effective bio-preparations are being sought to stimulate plant growth and development. Bio-algeen S90 is a natural agent based on sea algae, the high bi- ological activity of which results from the high content of natural growth regulators. The aim of the study was to verify the influence of Bio-algeen S90 on the growth, morphological characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence of Rosa multiflora seedlings. The bio-preparation was applied one, two and three times at con- centrations: 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg.dm−3. Following parameters were measured to evaluate the response of plants to the bio-preparation: F0 – initial fluorescence, Fm – maximal fluorescence in the dark-adapted state, Fv/Fm – maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII. All concentrations of the bio-preparation and frequency of its application stimulated the number of shoots in a bush, the length of shoots and the diameter of the root crown of plants intended for budding. The most beneficial was the two-fold bio-preparation application at a concentration of 0.4 mg.dm–3. Bio-algeen also positively influenced the chlorophyll fluorescence parame- ters. The highest mean F0 and Fm values were recorded with the two-fold preparation treatment. There was no significant effect of the bio-preparation on the Fv/Fm index, which was within the range of 0.75–0.66.
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