The electromagnetic field (EMF) has a great impact on our body. It has been successfully used in physiotherapy for the treatment of bone disorders and osteoarthritis, as well as for cartilage regeneration or pain reduction. Recently, EMFs have also been applied in in vitro experiments on cell/stem cell cultures. Stem cells reside in almost all tissues within the human body, where they exhibit various potential. These cells are of great importance because they control homeostasis, regeneration, and healing. Nevertheless, stem cells when become cancer stem cells, may influence the pathological condition. In this article we review the current knowledge on the effects of EMFs on human adult stem cell biology, such as proliferation, the cell cycle, or differentiation. We present the characteristics of the EMFs used in miscellaneous assays. Most research has so far been performed during osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. It has been demonstrated that the effects of EMF stimulation depend on the intensity and frequency of the EMF and the time of exposure to it. However, other factors may affect these processes, such as growth factors, reactive oxygen species, and so forth. Exploration of this research area may enhance the development of EMF-based technologies used in medical applications and thereby improve stem cell-based therapy and tissue engineering.

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Magnetic fields have a great impact on processes within plants. In our experiment, radish seeds (Raphanus sativus) were exposed to a stationary magnetic field (with an intensity of 8 mT and 20 mT) and variable magnetic fields (with an intensity of 6 mT and a frequency of 50 Hz). Two time intervals of exposure were selected: 3 min and 12 min. After exposure, treated seeds were compared with the control seeds (without magnetic field exposure) in the following categories: seedling length, germination rate index (GRI), vigour index, and seed germination. The results revealed that magnetic fields increased the rate of germination, vigour index, and GRI for all samples treated with stationary magnetic field. It is difficult to distinguish a specific form of dependence between the measured parameters and the intensity of the magnetic fields and the selected time intervals. The most promising results were obtained from the sample that was exposed to a stationary magnetic field intensity of 20 mT at 12 min. All measured values decreased when the seeds were exposed to variable magnetic fields at the exposure time of 12 min.

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The EPR studies of CdTe:Cr were performed on X-band (9.6 GHz) spectrometer at room temperature. Single CdTe crystals were doped by chromium Cr in the synthesis process. The spectra observed were resolved into two spectra. The first one consisted of very broad line (∆B = 100 mT) and the second one showed a typical fine structure. The complete angular dependence measurements were obtained. The fine structure of Cr 2+ or Cr 3+ions was assumed and simulated. It follows from the theoretical analysis of the obtained spectra that degree of ionization of the chromium Cr dopant is 3+.

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