This study shows that the opportunity cost of time for husbands and wives can affect the intrahousehold distribution of food in a developing country. Equations which explain the relative allocation of calories within households were estimated for husbands, wives, and children with data for the rural Philippines. The estimating equation is derivable from both a joint household utility function a n d a bargaining model. Because the same households were included in the four survey rounds, the various observations for a given individual were averaged for each variable in the estimation procedure. Wages were estimated using the Heckman approach.
About 20,000 early childhood development centers A high cost for child care discourages households provided day care for and prepared for primary school from using formal child care facilities and has a negative more than 1 million children aged three to seven effect on mothers' participation in market work. (roughly 20 percent of children in that age group) in * The cost of child care and the level of mothers' Kenya in 1995. The number of child care facilities wages affect older children's school enrollment, but these reached 23,690 by the end of 1999.factors affect boys' and girls' schooling differently. An Lokshin, Glinskaya, and Garcia analyze the effect of increase in mothers' wages increases boys' enrollment but child care costs on households' behavior in Kenya. For depresses girls' enrollment. households with children aged three to seven, they * Higher child care costs have no significant effect on model household demand for mothers' participation in boys' schooling but significantly decrease the number of paid work, the participation in paid work of other girls in school. household members, household demand for schooling, and household demand for child care.
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