In a slow sand filter, a biological layer consisting of alluvial mud and various types of microorganisms grows and attaches to the sand media and forms a matrix called schmutzdecke . Changes to several factors, including the quality of raw water, filtration speed, and the addition of media, affect the performance of the slow sand filter unit in producing treated water. Geotextiles can be equipped to improve the performance of a slow sand filter in removing pollutants. The selection of several factors that affect slow sand filter performance can be used as a starting point for the engineering system to determine the best pattern of performance behavior. This approach was carried out by looking at the dynamic behavior patterns of slow sand filter system performance in treating raw water. This research has not yet been conducted extensively. The dynamic behavior pattern approach to the performance of the slow sand filter unit was used to obtain the behavior model for the schmutzdecke layer on the filter. The system dynamic approach focused on treatment scenarios that can determine the behavior of the slow sand filter system. Several factors were assessed, including temperature, turbidity, nutrient concentration, algal concentration, bacteria and dissolved oxygen. Model simulation results show that the comparison of C: N: P values affected the performance of the schmutzdecke layer in removing total coli. The slow sand filter unit was capable of producing treated water with a total amount of coli equal to 0 on the C: N: P values of 85: 5.59: 1.25, respectively, and a 9 cm geotextile thickness.
Infiltration gallery is a method of water treatment through soil filtration. The mechanism is the filtering or absorption of contaminants in the river
<p>Surabaya River is very beneficial to Surabaya people as its water becomes the main source of PDAM (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum of Regional Water Utility<br />Company). The existing indications on pollution in the flow of Surabaya River due to various activities at its riverbank must not be ignored. Therefore, a study on identifying the distribution of water quality of Surabaya River is required so as to be a reference for formulating control actions to river damage. Identification on water quality distribution was carried out based on the differences of land-use around the left and right sides of river. The research involved the variables of the qualities of river water and waste water thrown into the river, river characteris-tics, and land-use. The results of research demonstrated that the upstream water quality of Surabaya River was relatively better than the downstream. This statement was proven by the humans’ activities which were more intensively carried out at the downstream area. Numerous land-uses and great number of people living at the riverbank became the phenomena increasing pressures toward the decreasing quality of river water.</p>
ABSTRAK Limbah domestik air bekas cucian (grey water) dari rumah tangga sebagian besar belum diolah, namun dibuang langsung ke badan air penerima. Konsentrasi bahan organik dalam grey water yang terakumulasi dalam badan air penerima berpotensi terhadap pencemaran dan penurunan kualitas badan air penerima. Pengolahan grey water dapat meningkatkan kualitas badan air penerima. Satu dari pengolahan grey water adalah anaerobic biofilter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (i). menentukan efisiensi penurunan Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Biogeochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) dan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) dalam grey water dengan pengolahan anaerobic biofilter, (ii). mengidentifikasi jenis media biofilter dalam anaerobic biofilter yang menghasilkan penurunan TSS, BOD, COD paling baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium dengan reaktor kontinyu. Variasi yang digunakan adalah jenis media biofilter dalam anaerobic biofilter, yaitu botol yakult dari bahan plastik Poly Stirene (PS) dan botol aqua dari bahan plastik Poly Ethylene Terephthalate (PET). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi penurunan TSS, BOD, COD efluen grey water dengan pengolahan anaerobic biofilter adalah 68%, 64% dan 31% untuk jenis media biofilter botol yakult dan 84%, 79%, 57% untuk media biofilter botol aqua. Jenis media biofilter botol aqua menghasilkan efisiensi penurunan TSS, BOD dan COD lebih baik dari jenis media biofilter botol yakult. Kata kunci: grey water, anaerobic biofilter, BOD, TSS, COD. ABSTRACT Grey water from several households has not been treated yet and is directly disposed to receiving water bodies. Organic matter of the grey water accumulated to the water bodies is potential to the water pollution, leading to deterioration of the water bodies. Grey water treatment improves the quality of the receiving water bodies. The treatment is able to conduct through anaerobic biofilter. This research aimed to (i) determined the efficiency of TSS, BOD, COD removal from grey water treatment using anaerobic biofilter, (ii) identified the media of biofilter with the best performance removing TSS, BOD, COD. This research was conducted within laboratory scale based using continuous reactor. The plastic derived from Poly Stirene (PS) and Poly Ethylene Terephthalate (PET) were used as media of biofilter. The result showed that the removal efficiency of TSS, BOD, COD from the anaerobic biofilter was 68%, 64% and 31% for media of PS plastic and 84%, 79%, 57% for media of PET plastic. The media of PET plastic resulted to the best performace of TSS, BOD, COD removal compared to the media of PS plastic. Keywords: grey water, anaerobic biofilter, BOD, TSS, COD.
Water treatment in Indonesia still uses coagulant to reduce the contaminant. Therefore, an infiltration gallery is required as the pre-treatment before conventional water treatment conducted. Infiltration gallery is a natural technology for absorbing or filtrating the contaminant. The hydraulic conductivity plays the main role in soil filtration. There are many types of soil with different hydraulic conductivities. In infiltration gallery method it is important to identify the hydraulic conductivity value as the preliminary analysis because it is the important indicator to show the ability of soil to flow the water from one side to other sides when filtrating the contaminant. The slower the conductivity is, the better the quality of the water will be. The method used in this study was the Constant head Permeameter. The result of this study shows that the same type of soil type has different hydraulic conductivities.
Noise in the hospital has a negative impact on patients. According to the data obtained, the patient category is most affected by high noise levels, namely 31% reporting that elderly men are the most affected, while around 27% indicate that elderly women are the most affected, then 14% think that children are the most affected by noise. The impact can be in the form of reduced sleep time and disruption in the treatment process. Therefore, an analysis of the noise level in the hospital is carried out along with its mitigation as noise management in Sidoarjo Hospital. This noise level measurement was carried out for five days using a Sound Level Meter (SLM) measuring instrument with four sampling points. Then calculate the equivalent noise level (Leq), then calculate the daytime noise level (Ls), and finally do the mapping using Surfer software and recommend noise level mitigation in the hospital. The results showed that the noise level still exceeds the quality standard. On Wednesday, the noise level value is 69.59–76.21 dBA, Thursday 68.7–77 dBA, Friday 68–70.89 dBA, Saturday 72.91–79.68 dBA, and Sunday 70–74.73 dBA. Recommendations for mitigating noise reduction in hospitals are with the planting Durante repens, Casia siamea, Heliconia sp., and Vermenia obtusifolia. Keywords: Noise, Mitigation, Mapping ABSTRAK Kebisingan di rumah sakit memberikan dampak negatif terhadap pasien. Menurut data yang didapatkan kategori pasien yang paling terpengaruh oleh tingginya tingkat kebisingan yaitu 31% melaporkan bahwa pria lanjut usia adalah yang paling terpengaruh, sementara sekitar 27% menunjukkan bahwa wanita lansia adalah yang paling terpengaruh, lalu 14% menganggap bahwa anak-anak adalah yang paling terpengaruh oleh kebisingan. Dampak yang ditimbulkan dapat berupa berkurangnya waktu tidur dan terganggu dalam proses pengobatan. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan analisis tingkat kebisingan di rumah sakit beserta mitigasinya sebagai pengelolaan kebisingan di RSUD Sidoarjo. Pengukuran kebisingan dilakukan selama lima hari menggunakan Sound Level Meter (SLM) dengan empat titik sampling. Selanjutnya mengukur tingkat kebisingan ekuivalen (Leq), tingkat kebisingan siang hari (Ls), dan yang terakhir dilakukan pemetaan menggunakan software Surfer. Hasil dari pemetaan tersebut dapat direkomendasikan mitigasi tingkat kebisingan di rumah sakit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada tanggal 13–17 Mei 2020 tingkat kebisingan 69,59–76,21 dBA, hari Kamis 68,7–77 dBA, hari Jumat 68–70,89 dBA, hari Sabtu 72,91–79,68 dBA, dan hari Minggu 70–74,73 dBA. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kebisingan masih melebihi baku mutu. Rekomendasi untuk mitigasi penurunan kebisingan di rumah sakit adalah dengan penanaman pohon Durante repens, Casia siamea, Heliconia sp., dan Vermenia obtusifolia. Kata kunci: Kebisingan, Pemetaan, Mitigasi
Tujuan pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat, akan mengurangi adanya faktor terjadinya dampak pencemaran lingkungan yang berpengaruh bagi kesehatan masyarakat di Dusun Pengajaran. Faktanya selama ini masih banyak masyarakat yang belum mengetahui dampak pencemaran lingkungan bagi kesehatan. Oleh karena itu tim pelaksana mencari alternatif sebagai solusinya yaitu tim pelaksana memberikan pelatihan bagi masyarakat Dusun Pengajaran bagaimana pemanfaatan bio-slurry dijadikan briket. Metode pelaksanaannya yaitu tim pelaksana memberikan pelatihan pembuatan briket dan selain itu masyarakat juga diberikan mesin pembuat briket, dengan demikian langsung melakukan praktek proses produksi briket. Mesin pembuat briket tersebut ini juga sangat mudah dalam pengoperasiannya, aman dan juga sangat praktis. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat terkait pemanfaatan bio-slurry untuk mengurangi dampak terhadap pencemaran lingkungan dan juga bagi kesehatan masyarakat, namun menjadi tantangan dan sekaligus manfaat serta keuntungan bagi masyarakat yaitu bahwa briket bisa digunakan sebagai salah satu usaha di tengah kondisi harga gas LPG yang relatif tidak murah dan cenderung terus naik dan minyak tanah yang semakin langkah didapat, saat sekarang ini beberapa orang mulai mempertimbangkan menggunakan bahan bakar alternatif. Penggunaan briket menjadi salah satu solusi yang tepat dan banyak dipilih sebagian besar masyarakat untuk keluar dari permasalahan tersebut. Secara tidak langsung fenomena ini turut membuka peluang usaha yang cukup menjanjikan, sehingga secara ekonomi akan meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat dan pada akhirnya kesehatan bagi masyarakat di Dusun Pengajaran tetap tidak terabaikan. Kata kunci: Pencemaran lingkungan, kesehatan bagi masyarakat, briket, bio-slurry.
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