EXEMPLES D'ESPACES HIERARCHISES ET/OU HIERARCHISANT ? 4 ème journée doctorale d'archéologie de Paris 1 : « Les marqueurs de pouvoir ». Résumé Les établissements urbains du Malpaís de Zacapu (1250-1500 apr. J.-C.) présentent de nombreuses zones à vocation civico-cérémonielle, marquées par la présence de structures caractéristiques tels que des soubassements pyramidaux, des places, des autels et de très grandes « maisons ». Malgré ces composantes similaires, ces secteurs publics ne semblent pas correspondre à un modèle d'organisation claire et systématique. Ils n'en restent pas moins, en tant que supports du pouvoir religieux et politique de ces sites, un élément fondamental de la structure de l'espace et de la société. En ce fondant sur l'examen des différents exemples de centres publics, en particulier ceux présents sur le site du Malpaís Prieto, cette étude cherchera à déterminer les critères d'implantation de ces ensembles, puis à préciser leur fonctionnement dans l'espace du site et surtout les uns par rapport aux autres, afin de mieux comprendre leur(s) rôle(s) structurel(s) dans la mise en place d'un espace social et politique.
After acquiring 91 km2 of lidar data from the Zacapu region, West Mexico, we confronted a series of issues that most archaeologists using this technology face. These include the large volume of data available, the limited training of potential “analysts,” the difficult development of a collective mapping tool and protocol, and the reliability of desk-based interpretation of archaeological features. In this article, we present an initiative conducted in 2015 and 2017 as an attempt to answer these methodological and pedagogical issues. We developed a web mapping platform to collectively interpret archaeological features using lidar-derived imagery and to train volunteer students to participate in this desk-based web mapping within a crowdsourcing framework. After evaluating the results of this initiative, we discuss the potential and limitations of this method for both lidar-based research and future training.
We present three new analyses of existing data from past fieldwork at Teotihuacan. First, we confirm and refine the wealth-based housing typology of Millon's Teotihuacan Mapping Project (TMP). Second, we analyze the spatial configurations of excavated compounds, using network methods to identify the size and layout of individual dwellings within walled compounds. Third, we use those results to generate the first population estimate for the city based on measurements from the TMP map. We extrapolate the average sizes of dwellings from excavated compounds to the entire sample of mapped residences as depicted on the TMP map of the city. We generate a range of population estimates, of which we suggest that 100,000 persons is the most reasonable estimate for the Xolalpan-Metepec population of Teotihuacan. These analyses show that legacy data from fieldwork long past can be used to answer research questions that are relevant and important today.
The morphological study of architectural features, the building arrangement within urban spaces, and multiscalar variation are critical for understanding urbanism as a process. Building types and architectural typologies form the foundational blocks of urban morphology and are essential for identifying architectural patterning. We use a process-typological approach to present an architectural typology from the ancient Purépecha (Tarascan) city of Angamuco, located in the Lake Pátzcuaro Basin, Michoacán, Mexico. Using archaeological survey, lidar analysis, and excavation, we analyze building foundations from houses and public structures; storage facilities; monumental architecture such as pyramids, altars, and public buildings; and landscape features such as plazas, roads, terraces, and raised roadways locally known as huatziri. Our typology enhances understanding of the dense urban environment of this important prehispanic city during and after the formation of the Purépecha Empire.
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