INTRODUÇÃO: No século XX, as mulheres vivenciaram inúmeras transformações e alcançaram uma participação mais ativa na sociedade.O estudo visa descrever o perfil da clientela feminina, admitida em um serviço de internação psiquiátrica com as transformações históricas, sociais e demográficas.Oferece um retrato comparativo das condições epidemológicas existentes no decorrer da série histórica e os aspectos do meio da condição sociocultural das mulheres do estado. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico descritivo, longitudinal, tipo série histórica de dados, baseado na coleta de dados efetuada no serviço de arquivo médico e de estatísticas de um hospital. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: idade, estado civil, cor, setor profissional, ocupação, classe social e diagnóstico psiquiátrico, todos padronizados conforme os critérios da Classificação Internacional de Doenças, edições 9 e 10. Para identificação dos casos, utilizaram-se todas as primeiras internações de mulheres. RESULTADOS: No decorrer de 70 anos, obteve-se um total de 9.629 indivíduos/casos. Observou-se o predomínio de mulheres na faixa etária de 26 a 45 anos (47,9%), brancas (91,3%), pertencentes ao subproletariado (86,8%), fora da população economicamente ativa (96,7%) e com diagnóstico de transtornos afetivos (28,6%) e psicoses esquizofrênicas (25,2%). Quanto ao estado civil, verificou-se maior presença de mulheres casadas (44,9%). Todavia, na década de 90, as mulheres solteiras representaram 54,4%, enquanto que as casadas perfizeram 39,7% das pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Foram detectadas mudanças significativas nos motivos para admissão de mulheres nos últimos anos. Sugere-se que as variações tenham sido influenciadas pelos determinantes biológicos das doenças mentais graves e, também de maneira significativa, pelas pressões sociais advindas do novo papel da mulher na sociedade.
Os autores apresentam uma análise da reforma psiquiátrica do Rio Grande do Sul, utilizando uma perspectiva histórica e uma abordagem por três vertentes: a psiquiatria institucional; os desenvolvimentos na área extra-hospitalar; e as políticas de saúde implementadas ao longo dos anos. A partir do referencial adotado, foi revisada a experiência brasileira e a do Rio Grande do Sul em particular, tendo como fontes: os bancos de dados MEDLINE e Lilacs e documentos oficiais do Ministério da Saúde e da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul. Hoje, após 14 anos da promulgação da Lei Estadual nº 9716, que dispõe sobre a reforma psiquiátrica no Rio Grande do Sul e determina a substituição progressiva dos hospitais psiquiátricos por uma rede de atenção integral em saúde mental, nota-se que o número de leitos psiquiátricos foi reduzido em 35%, e a proposta de implantação da rede "alternativa" de assistência ao doente mental não foi implementada da forma preconizada, tampouco de maneira igualitária. Tendo em vista que os atuais desafios, tais como o fenômeno da "porta giratória" e o paciente crônico, refletem a necessidade de extensão dos cuidados primários e secundários, a experiência do Rio Grande do Sul permite pôr em discussão a possibilidade de modificação da estratégia, de tal modo que, ao invés de tentar estruturar um "sistema dentro do sistema", como hoje está colocado, possa-se tirar melhor proveito da integração da saúde mental aos programas-eixo do SUS, como o Programa de Saúde da Família e o Programa de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde.
Objective: Skewed consolidation of the distal radius, due to sequelae of fractures, may cause functional incapacity, thus leading such patients to present pain, loss of strength and diminished mobility. Based on the excellent results obtained from surgical treatment of unstable fractures of the distal radius through a volar approach and use of rigid fixation with a fixed-angle volar plate, we started to use the same method for osteotomy of the distal radius. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted, and 20 patients treated between February 2002 and October 2009 were found. The mean length of follow-up was 43.9 months (range: 12 to 96 months). The surgical indications were persistent pain, deformity and functional limitation subsequent to a dorsally displaced fracture. Results: The mean preoperative deformity was 27° of dorsal tilt of the distal radius, 87° of ulnar tilt, and 7.3 mm of shortening of the radius. All the osteotomies consolidated and the final mean volar tilt was 6.2°, with ulnar tilt of 69.3° and shortening of 1 mm. The mean mobility of the wrist increased by 19.9° (flexion) and by 24° (extension). Mean forearm supination increased by 23.5° and pronation by 21.7°. Grip strength increased from 13.4 to 34.5 pounds. Conclusion: Use of a fixed-angle volar plate for a volar approach towards osteotomy of the distal radius enables satisfactory correction of the deformities and eliminates the need for removal of the synthesis material caused by tendon complications
Objective: Skewed consolidation of the distal radius, due to sequelae of fractures, may cause functional incapacity, thus leading such patients to present pain, loss of strength and diminished mobility. Based on the excellent results obtained from surgical treatment of unstable fractures of the distal radius through a volar approach and use of rigid fixation with a fixed-angle volar plate, we started to use the same method for osteotomy of the distal radius. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted, and 20 patients treated between February 2002 and October 2009 were found. The mean length of follow-up was 43.9 months (range: 12 to 96 months). The surgical indications were persistent pain, deformity and functional limitation subsequent to a dorsally displaced fracture. Rev Bras Ortop. 2012;47(2):173-85Results: The mean preoperative deformity was 27º of dorsal tilt of the distal radius, 87º of ulnar tilt, and 7.3 mm of shortening of the radius. All the osteotomies consolidated and the final mean volar tilt was 6.2°, with ulnar tilt of 69.3° and shortening of 1 mm. The mean mobility of the wrist increased by 19.9° (flexion) and by 24° (extension). Mean forearm supination increased by 23.5° and pronation by 21.7°. Grip strength increased from 13.4 to 34.5 pounds. Conclusion: Use of a fixed-angle volar plate for a volar approach towards osteotomy of the distal radius enables satisfactory correction of the deformities and eliminates the need for removal of the synthesis material caused by tendon complications
Introduction: Total knee arthroplasty, being a major surgery, carries a risk of post-operative deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The main objective of the present study was to elucidate the association of clinical, laboratory, and echographic findings with the occurrence of DVT. Patients and Methods: The present study was prospective and non-randomized, with restricted exclusion criteria. Forty patients were submitted to total knee arthroplasty due to osteoarthritis. Patients were clinically evaluated by laboratory tests, assessment of pain and calf circumference, and the presence of Homans' sign. Echo Doppler was performed in each patient on postoperative day 7. The echographic evaluation divided the patients into two groups: positive (G1) and negative for thrombosis (G2). All patients received prophylactic heparin during the 7-day hospital admission. Results: Eleven patients complained of pain (analgesic medication was used during the entire admission). Leg circumference variation from the pre-operative period to post-operative day 7 was: G1, 1.70 ± 1.12 cm and G2, 0.68 ± 1.25 cm (p = 0.03). Homans' sign was considered positive in 10 patients. Echographic evaluation was positive in 11 patients (27.5%). No cases of pulmonary embolism, infection, or death were observed. Conclusions: The incidence of DVT was 27.5%, with an increase in leg circumference being the main predictive factor (p = 0.03).
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