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RESUMO-Nematóides entomopatogênicos apresentam potencial para o controle biológico de pragas e têm sido usados na América do Norte, Europa, Ásia e Austrália para o controle de pragas de solo e de ambientes crípticos. Esses nematóides podem ser facilmente produzidos em larga escala e ser aplicados com equipamentos convencionais. Ademais, têm ampla gama de hospedeiros e são inócuos ao ambiente. Tendo em vista história de sucesso obtido na implementação de programas de controle biológico, países da América do Sul têm grande oportunidade de desenvolver e implementar o uso de nematóides entomopatogênicos. A ênfase que tem sido recentemente dada no Brasil à produção de frutas e legumes em geral reforça a necessidade para que métodos de controle de pragas mais seguros e eficientes sejam implementados. Este trabalho apresenta uma visão geral sobre os desenvolvimentos recentes na pesquisa e comercialização de nematóides entomopatogênicos e avalia seu potencial para uso e exploração no Brasil e outros países sul-americanos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Controle biológico, Steinernema, Heterorhabditis, nematóides entomopatogênicos, pragas de solo. ABSTRACT-Entomopathogenic nematodes have potential for biological control of insect pests. They are currently used for the control of soil and cryptic pests in North America, Europe, Asia and Australia. Entomopathogenic nematodes can be easily mass-produced and applied using conventional spray equipment. They have a broad host range and are safe to the environment. Due to the history of success with implementation of biological pest control programs, South American countries have a great opportunity to develop and implement the use of entomopathogenic nematodes. Recent emphasis on fruit and vegetable production in Brazil also stresses a need to implement safer and effective pest control methods. This paper provides an overview of recent developments in entomopathogenic nematode research and commercialization, evaluates their potential for use and exploration in Brazil and other South American countries, and makes recommendations for establishing entomopathogenic nematology.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the action of Steinernema glaseri Santa Rosa strain and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora CCA strain as biological control agents of Boophilus microplus. Engorged females ticks were distributed on Petri dishes containing different concentrations of infective juvenile (IJ) nematodes (0, 375, 500, 750, 1,500, 2,500, 5,000 and 25,000). The data showed a reduction of approximately 90% in the eggs laid at a concentration of 5,000 S. glaseri IJs and approximately 80% at a concentration of 1,500 H. bacteriophora IJs. The female mortality increased linearly with the increase in S. glaseri concentrations. However, in the tests with H. bacteriophora this linearity was not observed. The effectiveness of the treatment with both species of entomopathogenic nematodes was compatible with other control methods. The results show the potential of S. glaseri and H. bacteriophora as biological control agents for the control of B. microplus under laboratory conditions.