Anthelminthic resistant populations of Haemonchus contortus are a major problem in sheep rearing, but plant extracts may offer viable alternative treatments. In our preliminary studies, Piptadenia viridiflora was frequently selected by sheep grazing in the Cerrado. The present research evaluated its in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity. The HPLC chromatograms of P. viridiflora aqueous extract (AE) and ethanolic extract (EE) showed the presence of flavonoids. The total condensed tannin (proanthocyanidin) was 0.2 and 1.01% in AE and EE, respectively. In an egg hatching inhibition (EHI) test, the LC90 of AE was 2.4mg/mL, and, of EE, was 2.1mg/mL. After tannin extraction, higher EHI and lower LC90 were observed. In a larval development inhibition test, the LC90 of AE was 13.66mg/g of fecal culture. The highest dose of AE administered to mice (203.0mg/kg bw) was well tolerated, suggesting low toxicity. In vivo, AE was orally administered to lambs at 283mg/kg bw, and, at weeks one, two, and three post-treatment, the mean fecal egg count (FEC) was significantly lower than in untreated lambs (P<0.05). Blood parameters were normal and similar in untreated and treated sheep. For all lamb groups, the mean total serum protein was significantly higher at week two post-treatment than at other evaluated periods (P<0.05). Piptadenia viridiflora extracts had low condensed tannin content and exhibited high anthelminthic efficacy in vitro and significantly reduced FEC. Tannins were not shown to be the principal components affecting EHI, hence it is necessary to isolate and characterize the principal active P. viridiflora compounds, and to assess their possible synergism.

Engorged and partially engorged females of Boophilus microplus were exposed to 600; 3,000; 6,000 and 30,

The fungi supplementation promotes, respectively, high and moderate anthelmintic efficacy with in vitro and in vivo tests, respectively, suggesting it as an alternative or complementary treatment for haemonchosis in sheep.

A resistência anti-helmíntica é um dos principais entraves para o controle da verminose em ruminantes e a presença de nematódeos multiresistentes pode inviabilizar a atividade em uma determinada área. Neste trabalho o objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia anti-helmíntica do levamisol e do albendazol em rebanhos ovinos do norte de Minas Gerais. O teste foi realizado em dez propriedades, onde foram selecionados três grupos de 12 borregos cada. Dois desses grupos foram tratados respectivamente com levamisol (5 mg/kg pc) ou albendazol (10 mg/kg pc) e o terceiro grupo não foi tratado. Fezes foram coletadas antes do tratamento e no sétimo dia após, para a realização do teste de redução de ovos por grama de fezes. Foi realizado o cultivo de larvas provenientes dos grupos avaliados para a identificação dos principais gêneros de nematódeos gastrintestinais antes e após os tratamentos. Para todos os rebanhos avaliados no norte de Minas Gerais, o levamisol apresentou eficácia anti-helmíntica elevada, variando de 90% a 100%. Apenas para um rebanho o albendazol seria efetivo e para seis propriedades as eficácias dessa droga foram inferiores a 80%, sendo considerada insuficientemente ativa. Após as coproculturas foram identificadas, em maior ocorrência, larvas dos gêneros Haemonchus e Trichostrongylus. O gênero Haemonchus foi o mais prevalente mesmo após o tratamento dos ovinos. Ressalta-se neste estudo a importância do teste de eficácia in vivo para a escolha das bases anti-helmínticas nas propriedades, pois foi observado que o perfil de susceptibilidade variou entre os diferentes rebanhos.

Dermacentor nitens tick is commonly found in the equine auditory canal, where it causes economic losses due to its direct damage, causing blood spoliation, stress, transmission of pathogens, and predisposition to myasis and secondary bacterial infection in its hosts. In this study we evaluated the effect of ethanolic extracts of Cerrado plants on biological parameters of engorged females of D. nitens. Ethanolic extracts were prepared from the leaves of Schinopsis brasiliensis, Piptadenia viridiflora, Ximenia americana, and Serjania lethalis at 25-150 mg mL. Groups of 10 engorged adult females were treated with these extracts and compared with a control containing distilled water and another control with organophosphate, using five replicates for each group. Compared with the control with water, S. lethalis and X. americana extracts at 100 and 150 mg mL significantly inhibited the posture ability. Differently, extracts of S. brasiliensis and P. viridiflora were the most effective in inhibiting larval hatching. Extracts of X. americana and P. viridiflora showed effective inhibition of reproductive parameters of the tick, presenting dose-dependent effect with IC 78.86 and 78.94 mg mL, respectively. Theses effective extracts contained low condensed tannin levels and their HPLC chromatograms revealed the presence of flavonoids. The efficacies of P. viridiflora and X. americana extracts were higher than 90% indicating that these extracts are promising as alternative agents for D. nitens control.