ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis optimalisasi penerimaan keluarga petani dengan rasio skala usaha yang paling ideal pada integrasi usahaternak sapi Pasundan dengan usahatani padi dan faktor produksi yang memberikan daya ungkit terhadap penerimaan keluarga. Responden adalah petani peternak yang melakukan integrasi usahaternak dengan usahatani padi, berjumlah 94 keluarga. Metoda penelitian adalah survey, di empat kabupaten sentra produksi sapi pasundan yang ditentukan secara purposif. Data dianalisis dengan linear programming dan fungsi produksi Cobb Douglass. Hasil analisis: (1) max Z = -(4,584,841x 1 +1574260 (x 2 +x 3 )) + (6,000,000jx 1 +4000000 (j x 2 +j x 3 )), persamaan ini dibatasi fungsi kendala, yaitu; tenaga kerja, transfer produk antara padi dan ternak, transfer pupuk, modal usaha musim tanam-I dan musim tanam-II. (2) Y integrasi = 15721319,75 -72,541 lahan -1,317 pupuk + 4,667 bibit + 487.765,94 tenaga kerja usahatani + 6.339.170,199 nilai ternak -935,559 pakan + 162.618.999 tenaga kerja usaha ternak. Kesimpulan pertama, penerimaan keluarga yang optimal pada integrasi usaha ternak sapi pasundan dan padi per tahun berasal dari rasio skala usaha ternak 6,02 UT dan skala usahatani 0,5 hektar. Kedua, penerimaan integrasi usahatani ternak dapat diterangkan oleh kombinasi variabel faktor produksi luas lahan, tenaga kerja usahatani dan ternak, bibit usahatani, pakan, dan modal (ternak awal) sebesar R 2 = 87,66%. Ketiga, variabel modal ternak awal berdaya ungkit terhadap penerimaan keluarga sebesar 81,52%.Kata Kunci: integrasi sapi-padi, sapi pasundan, penerimaan keluarga. ABSTRACTThis research aimed to analyze the revenue optimization of farmer family with ratio of the most ide al farm scale in the integration of Pasundan cattle and paddy farm, and to analyze the most leveraging pr oduction factor towards the family revenue. The respondents were 94 farmers who had integrated farming between cattle and paddy. This research used survey method in four regions purposively based o n Pasundan cattle centre. Data were analyzed with linear programming and production function of Cobb Douglass. The results were: (1) max Z = -(4,584,841x 1 +1574260 (x 2 +x 3 )) + (6,000,000jx 1 +4000000 (j x 2 +j x 3 )); this function consist of constraints: labour, transfer products between cattle and paddy farm, transfer fertilizer, capital of paddy farming in planting season-I and season-II. (2) Y integration = 15,721,319.75 -72.541 land -1.317 fertilizer + 4.667 seeds + 487765.94 farming labour + 6339170.199 cattle value -935.559 feed + 162618.999 cattle labour. There were some conclusions: Firs t, the integration of Pasundan cattle and paddy farming produced the optimum family revenue/year, with ratio of 6.02 animal unit and 0.5 ha of paddy farming; Second, the production factor of agricultural land, labour, seeds, feed and capital (cattle) were explained (R 2 =87.66%) toward the integration revenue; 270
ABSTRAKKomoditas sapi dan daging sapi telah menjadi komoditas politik karena kenaikan harga daging sapi telah direspon secara signifikan oleh lembaga legislatif maupun eksekutif. Jawa Barat menjadi salah satu provinsi yang dikategorikan sebagai wilayah konsumsi daging sapi karena kebutuhan sapi dan daging sapi tidak mampu dipasok oleh sapi-sapi lokal di Jawa Barat. Kekurangan daging sapi dipasok dari luar provinsi ataupun dari luar negeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat jumlah produksi sapi dan daging sapi ke Jawa Barat, jumlah kebutuhan sapi dan daging sapi di Jawa Barat, serta keseimbangan antara pasokan dan kebutuhan sapi dan daging sapi di Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan data sekunder sebagai basis analisisnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah produksi sapi yang dihitung dari jumlah populasi sapi, produksi pedet, dan jumlah pemasukan sapi yang berasal dari luar provinsi ataupun luar negeri, dan stok sapi. Pada tahun 2015, jumlah populasi sapi Jawa Barat sebanyak 425.486 ekor sapi, 60.990 ekor pedet, dan 219.226 ekor sapi hasil pemasukan. Jumlah produksi daging sapi mampu mencapai 75,477,941 kg. Total kebutuhan sapi dan daging sapi di Jawa Barat masing-masing sebanyak 408.881 ekor dan 84.733.150 kg. Berdasarkan data pasokan dan kebutuhan daging sapi dapat dihitung keseimbangan neraca daging sapi sapi di Jawa Barat. Neraca daging sapi di Jawa Barat mengalami defisit sepanjang tahun 2011-2015.
Dairy farming is dominated by smallholder producers in Pangalengan area. The characteristics of poverty trap are lack of capital, low productivity, low income, low savings and investment. Therefore, the purposes of this research were: 1) to find out the ability of smallholder farmers to increase the family income; 2) to analyze which factors influence on the existence of keeping dairy cows in small scale; and 3) to know the efforts of smallholder producers release from poverty trap. The research method used a survey method with quantitative and qualitative approaches. Number of respondents that chosen in study location were 100 respondents. The ordinary least square (OLS) is used to analyze the factors that affect the keeping dairy cows in small scale. The results showed that: 1) small scale dairy farms (one to three heads) have not been able to meet the needs of family life; 2) factors that influenced on the ownership of dairy cows in small scale those are cows asset, dairy farming income, cow productivity, and non-formal education; 3) the efforts of smallholder farmers to quit from poverty trap must increase number of cows, productivity, earnings, and improve non-formal education in the form of training and guidance.
Research on the learning process of dairy farmers in achieving decent scale of livestock farming has been carried out in South Bandung Dairy Farmer Cooperative (Koperasi Peternak Bandung Selatan/KPBS) Pangalengan and Multi Purpose Cooperative (Koperasi Serba Usaha/KSU) Tandangsari. The purposes of this study were to: (1) analyze the learning process of dairy farmer in order to achieve business success; and (2) analyze the success indicators in dairy farming business according to farmer’s perception. This research used case study with descriptive qualitative approach with 32 dairy farmers as informants. Data were analyzed descriptively by several stages namely reduction, categorization of data and conclusions. The results showed: dairy farmers who achieve success in their business is the farmer who has made the process of learning the truth, those who have been able to do active business in changing the behaviour of himself to be able to apply aspects of breeding, feeding and management as they should so that the dairy cattle business that manages has provided benefits and feasibility. The learning process through which the dairy farmers is the result of interaction or influence the motivation to learn instrisic owned by farmers, with reinforcement from outside through training, mentoring and enrichment of others, thus becoming sedentary behaviour or patterned to respond appropriately to problems or the challenges faced in achieving business success. Indicators of successful dairy farming according to farmers were having : productive cow more than 7 cows, decent housing (permanent buildings), four-wheel vehicles, more land for grass planting and able to finance their children to study in university. Keywords: Learning process, dairy cow farming’success, dairy farmers.
Walau ternak Sapi Pasundan dipelihara secara sampingan, penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui empat atribut dari peternak: kesukaan, sikap, kepuasan, dan kesetiaan dalam berusaha. Kajian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode survei pada Bulan November 2019 di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat. Jumlah responden terpilih sebanyak 41 orang yang ditelusuri dengan two stage sampling. Analisa menggunakan Cochran Q Test, uji tingkat kesukaan, fishbein, uji tingkat kepuasan dan kesetiaan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa peternak mempertimbangkan 16 dari 20 atribut yang dianalisis ketika memelihara sapi. Analisis kesukaan, sikap dan kepuasan memperlihatkan bahwa peternak "cukup suka, cukup baik, dan cukup puas" dalam memelihara sapi. Kategori "cukup" ini menunjukkan bukti bahwa sapi Pasundan bukan merupakan harapan utama peternak dalam berusaha, oleh karena peternak lebih menyukai jenis sapi impor, seperti Limousin. Kendati begitu, peternak tetap setia (98,56%) untuk melanjutkan memelihara sapi Pasundan. Dalam hal ini, peternak di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya tidak dapat berkontribusi dalam penyediaan daging sapi nasional asal ternak sapi Pasundan.
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