Loss of biphasic insulin secretion in islets from LPP rats appears to have resulted from reduced [Ca] due, at least in part, to Kir6.2 underexpression and from the changes in exocytotic elements that are influenced either directly or indirectly by miR-124a.

Nutritional recovery with a soyabean diet decreases body and fat weights when compared with a casein diet. We investigated whether the reduced adiposity observed in rats recovering from early-life malnutrition with a soyabean diet results from alterations in lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT) and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT). Male rats from mothers fed either 17 or 6 % protein during pregnancy and lactation were maintained on 17 % casein (CC and LC groups), 17 % soyabean (CS and LS groups) or 6 % casein (LL group) diets over 60 d. The rats maintained on a soyabean diet had similar relative food intakes, but lower body and retroperitoneal WAT weights and a reduced lipid content in the retroperitoneal WAT. The insulin levels were lower in the recovered rats and were elevated in those fed a soyabean diet. Serum T3 concentration and uncoupling protein 1 content in the BAT were decreased in the recovered rats. The thermogenic capacity of the BAT was not affected by the soyabean diet. The lipogenesis rate in the retroperitoneal WAT was similar in all of the groups except for the LL group, which had exacerbated lipogenesis. The enhancement of the lipolysis rate by isoproterenol was decreased in white adipocytes from the soyabean-recovered rats and was elevated in adipocytes from the soyabean-control rats. Thus, in animals maintained on a soyabean diet, the proportions of fat deposits are determined by the lipolysis rate, which differs depending on the previous nutritional status. Key words: Nutritional recovery: Soyabean diet: Adipose tissue: RatsSoya-containing diets have been shown to alter several parameters involved in maintaining body homeostasis, energy expenditure and feeding behaviour (1 -3) . Soya protein and isoflavone have been reported to reduce fat-pad weight by increasing uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) expression in brown adipose tissue (BAT) (4) . UCP-1 is a molecule that uncouples mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by bypassing the electrochemical gradient across the inner membrane from * Corresponding author: M. S. F. Martins, fax þ55 65 3615 8811, email msfm.cba@gmail.com Abbreviations: BAT, brown adipose tissue; C, control; CC, offspring born to and suckled by mothers fed a control diet that were fed a control diet after weaning; CS, offspring born to and suckled by mothers fed a control diet that were fed a soyabean diet with 17 % protein after weaning; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LC, offspring of mothers fed a low-protein diet that were fed a control diet after weaning; LL, offspring of mothers fed a low-protein diet that were fed a low-protein diet after weaning; LP, low-protein; LS, offspring of mothers fed a low-protein diet that were fed a soyabean diet containing 17 % protein after weaning; RWAT, retroperitoneal white adipose tissue; Tris, 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol; UCP-1, uncoupling protein 1; WAT, white adipose tissue.

We investigated if whether intrauterine protein restriction in combination with overfeeding during lactation would cause adult-onset obesity and metabolic disorders. After birth, litters from dams fed with control (17% protein) and low protein (6% protein) diets were adjusted to a size of four (CO and LO groups, respectively) or eight (CC and LC groups, respectively) pups. All of the offspring were fed a diet containing 12% protein from the time of weaning until they were 90 d old. Compared to the CC and LC groups, the CO and LO groups had higher relative and absolute food intakes, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production; lower brown adipose tissue weight and lipid content and greater weight gain and absolute and relative white adipose tissue weight and absolute lipid content. Compared with the CO and CC rats, the LC and LO rats exhibited higher relative food intake, brown adipose tissue weight and lipid content, reduced oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and spontaneous activity, increased relative retroperitoneal adipose tissue weight and unaltered absolute white adipose tissue weight and lipid content. The fasting serum glucose was similar among the groups. The area under the glucose curve was higher in the LO and CO rats than in the LC and CC rats. The basal insulinemia and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were lower in the LO group than in the other groups. The total area under the insulin curve for the LO rats was similar to the CC rats, and both were lower than the CO and LC rats. Kitt was higher in the LO, LC and CO groups than in the CC group. Thus, intrauterine protein restriction followed by overfeeding during lactation did not induce obesity, but produced glucose intolerance by impairing pancreatic function in adulthood.

Introdução: Com a evolução da indústria alimentícia a tecnologia acabou atingindo a saúde da população, onde os alimentos de rápido e fácil acesso tem se tornado a preferência na hora da escolha de uma refeição. Uns dos públicos mais afetados por essa evolução são os universitários, que com sua rotina corrida acabam sem tempo de poder realizar uma refeição adequada e então acabam optando por cantinas universitárias, que são o meio mais fácil de se ter uma alimentação. Porém, nem sempre as escolhas são por

Direitos para esta edição cedidos à Atena Editora pelos autores. Todo o conteúdo deste livro está licenciado sob uma Licença de Atribuição Creative Commons. Atribuição-Não-Comercial-NãoDerivativos 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores, inclusive não representam necessariamente a posição oficial da Atena Editora. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais.A Atena Editora não se responsabiliza por eventuais mudanças ocorridas nos endereços convencionais ou eletrônicos citados nesta obra.Todos os manuscritos foram previamente submetidos à avaliação cega pelos pares, membros do Conselho Editorial desta Editora, tendo sido aprovados para a publicação.