The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of actinic cheilitis among extractive mining workers and factors associated with the condition, especially the relationship between clinical appearance and the length of occupational exposure to sunlight. A cross-sectional study was performed in Dona Inês, Paraíba, Brazil between 2014 and 2015. A clinical examination, clinical photography and a questionnaire were applied to 201 extractive mining workers. The T-student's, ANOVA one-way, Fisher's exact and Pearson chi-squared tests were performed and the significance level was set at 5%. A high prevalence of actinic cheilitis was observed (38.8%). Length of occupational exposure to sunlight in months (169.63±112.68, p=0.002) was associated with actinic cheilitis. Most workers were Caucasian (p<0.001) and aged 37.41±12.15 years (p=0.004). The time of occupational exposure to sunlight was significant in relation to the following clinical features: atrophy (225.75±97.31; p=0.024); blurred demarcation between the vermilion border of the lip and the skin (186.68±113.15; p=0.032); vertical fissures (210.09±123.07; p=0.046); white and red spotting (199.51±91.80; p=0.004); hard consistency of the lip (225.81±122.34; p=0.012). A high prevalence of actinic cheilitis was found. Age and ethnicity were associated with the presence of AC. Severe clinical presentations of actinic cheilitis were found among participants who had worked for at least 185 months (approximately 15 years) exposed to the sun.

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Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate oral characteristics and comorbidities that may affect dental treatment of individuals with Williams syndrome (WS). Methods and results Fifty‐two subjects diagnosed with WS were included in this observational study. Demographic data and medical history were compiled. Facial aspects, tooth abnormalities and oral characteristics were obtained through clinical and radiographic evaluation by a researcher/dentist. Among 52 subjects, 25 were also evaluated for temporomandibular and occlusal disorders, caries and periodontal disease. From the 52 subjects, 23 (44.2%) were female and the average age was of 20 years old (range from 4 to 35 years old). Cognitive impairment and congenital heart disease were the most common medical disorders found in all 52 (100%) and in 41 (78.8%) subjects, respectively. Among the 52 subjects, 51 (98%) presented at least one dental developmental abnormality, with generalized diastemas (72.5%) and hypodontia (50.9%) being the most frequent ones. Angle class III malocclusion was observed in 52% (13/25) of the subjects. Conclusions The dentist should be aware of the medical conditions of individuals with WS and thus offer an adequate dental treatment. The high prevalence of tooth abnormalities and occlusal disorders requires an early dental treatment planning.

Leukemic infiltration of the gingival tissue associated or not with gingival enlargement may be the first manifestation of acute leukemia, despite being rarely reported in the literature. A 10-year-old female patient presented with a 1-month history of an asymptomatic, firm, and pinkish-red generalized gingival overgrowth. There was no bone resorption. Incisional biopsy of the gingival tissue was performed, with histopathological examination revealing a diffuse and hypercellular infiltration of monocytoid cells. The patient was referred to a hematologist and underwent a bone marrow biopsy, which led to a conclusive diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. The patient was treated with chemotherapy and we observed regression of gingival enlargement after 4 weeks from the initial therapy.

Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) is a single-stranded RNA virus and member of the Flaviviridae family. Recent studies have reported that saliva can be an important alternative to detect ZIKV. Saliva requires less processing than blood greatly simplifying the assay. Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) is a rapid assay that detects nucleic acids, including ZIKV RNA. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of saliva and urine to diagnose ZIKV infection in subjects during the acute phase, through ZIKV RNA detection by LAMP. Method: A total of 131 samples (68 saliva and 63 urine samples) from 69 subjects in the acute phase of ZIKV infection, and confirmed positive for ZIKV by blood analysis through real time-PCR, were collected and analyzed by Reverse Transcriptase Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP). Results: From the 68 saliva samples, 45 (66.2%) were positive for ZIKV with an average time to positivity (Tp) of 13.5 min, and from the 63 urine samples, 25 (39.7%) were positive with the average Tp of 15.8 min. Saliva detected more samples (p = 0.0042) and had faster Tp (p = 0.0176) as compared with urine. Conclusion: Saliva proved to be a feasible alternative to diagnose ZIKV infection during the acute phase by LAMP.

The present findings support other longitudinal studies evaluating the relationship between oral shedding of human herpesviruses and clinical presence of active infection and renal transplant failure.

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