The Latin colony of Aesernia was the seat of an important road junction for communications, especially to the south with Bovianum and Beneventum, to the north with Aufidena and the Sangro Valley and to the west with Venafrum and the Liri River Valley. While some archaeological contexts of this colony are documented by very detailed studies, others still require an overall analysis and a systematic study. Particularly, there is the lack of an organic and complete reading of the known data and a concrete need to acquire new data on still unexplored areas. The present paper illustrates the results of the integrated geo-archaeological research carried out at Isernia and based on the analysis of historical sources, archaeological surveys, geologic, geomorphological and topographic investigations and geophysical prospections. All data were stored in a Geographic Information System that allowed for spatial analyses and the production of thematic maps. The purpose of the research was to help fill the many knowledge gaps in the history of Aesernia and to add new data by using a multiple system of analysis. The integrated geo-archaeological approach allowed drawing up a new archaeological map that gives an updated view of the rich archaeological heritage of Isernia.
A geoelectrical survey has been performed at the Mousterian (Palaeolithic) site of Grotta Reali (Molise Region, central Italy), which is one of the most important archaeological locations in the region, where Neanderthal fossils have been brought to light. An array of dipole^dipole profiles was designed in order to explore the nature of some archaeological levels found in a mostly fine-grained wastematrixalong the wallofa travertine open quarry, very close to the Grotta Reali, whichisa natural cavity of karst origin. Data analysis utilized a three-dimensional tomography approach based on the concept of occurrence probability of anomaly sources in the electrical resistivity distribution. The three-dimensionalprobability tomographyallowed the geometry of an occluded portion of the prehistoric cavity to be delineated, and a vertical, elongated high resistivity block to be fully imaged inside this part of the cavity. Subsequent excavations have confirmed the inner geometry of the cavity, and identified a travertine column correlating with the high-resistivity block delineated by the threedimensional geoelectrical tomography.
Within this article are the results of a geoelectrical survey performed in the park of Pratolino at Vaglia (Florence, Italy), using the multiple dipole-dipole profile technique. The purpose was to outline the location of the main body of the ancient Villa Medici di Pratolino, of which only a separate building, now known as Villa Demidoff, is visible in its full splendour. The three-dimensional probability-based electrical resistivity tomography inversion (PERTI) approach has been adopted. The three-dimensional resistivity tomography inversion provides evidence at the expected depth of burial of a regular pattern of resistivity relative maxima, mostly distributed along the sides of a mesh closely resembling the structural plan of a building. The almost perfect superposition of the high resistivity source image over an official historical plan of the ancient Villa Medici has allowed the regular mesh of the resistivity maxima to be ascribed to remains of walls. As the Pratolino case-history is one of the first applications of the PERTI algorithm to real field datasets, its performance has been tested using the well-known ERTLab commercial software as a benchmark. The comparison has shown a very good agreement between the two inversions and also confirmed the much higher computing speed and greater versatility of the PERTI algorithm, as outlined in a previous paper where only synthetic models were tested.
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About a decade ago, the PERTI algorithm was launched as a tool for a data-adaptive probability-based analysis of electrical resistivity tomography datasets. It proved to be an easy and versatile inversion method providing estimates of the resistivity values within a surveyed volume as weighted averages of the whole apparent resistivity dataset. In this paper, with the aim of improving the interpretative process, the PERTI method is extended by exploiting some peculiar aspects of the general theory of probability. Bernoulli’s conceptual scheme is assumed to comply with any resistivity dataset, which allows a multiplicity of mutually independent subsets to be extracted and analysed singularly. A standard least squares procedure is at last adopted for the statistical determination of the model resistivity at each point of the surveyed volume as the slope of a linear equation that relates the multiplicity of the resistivity estimates from the extracted data subsets. A 2D synthetic test and a field apparent resistivity dataset collected for archaeological purposes are discussed using the new extended PERTI (E-PERTI) approach. The comparison with the results from the original PERTI shows that by the E-PERTI approach a significantly greater robustness against noise can be achieved, besides a general optimisation of the estimates of the most probable resistivity values.
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