Geophysical Methods for Cultural Heritage Management

Cozzolino, Marilena; Giovanni, Elisa Di; Mauriello, Paolo; Piro, Salvatore; Zamuner, Daniela

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-74790-3

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The ancient wall mosaics, in general, are layered structures ( Figure 1 a), composed in most cases by three main levels: (1) a superficial decoration layer constituted by tesserae; (2) two or more different mortar layers; (3) wall structure made by bricks o stones [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. While stone tesserae were mostly used in floor mosaics, glass tesserae dominate in wall mosaics.…”

Section: Wall Mosaic Characteristics and Main Diagnostic Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…can be traced back to the ancient Orient using wall coverings made by clay cones, different both in size and thickness from the traditional wall mosaics [ 1 ]. The extensive use of the most known small tesserae, as a decoration of walls, columns, pillars, ceilings, and vaults, is documented over the centuries, particularly in Greek, Roman, and Byzantine periods [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], in numerous examples of buildings, which are part of the world cultural heritage. In general, the mosaics located on walls, domes, and vaults are more difficult to study (due to their position, geometric and surface features etc.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wall Mosaics: A Review of On-Site Non-Invasive Methods, Application Challenges and New Frontiers for Their Study and Preservation

2020

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This review concerns the challenges and perspectives of on-site non-invasive measurements applied to wall mosaics. Wall mosaics, during the centuries, decorated numerous buildings, nowadays being part of world cultural heritage. The preservation and maintenance of these valuable decorations are undoubtedly directly dependent on identifying possible problems that could affect their hidden structure. On-site non-invasive methods, using different contact or no-contact technologies, can offer support in this specific field of application. The choice of the appropriate technique or combination of different techniques depends, in general, on the depth of investigation, the resolution, the possibility to have direct contact with the surfaces or, on the contrary, limited accessibility of the wall mosaics due to their location (e.g., vaults), as well as deterioration problems, (e.g., voids, detachments, or humidity effects). This review paper provides a brief overview of selected recent studies regarding non-invasive methods applied to the analysis of wall mosaics. This review, discussing the assessment of advantages and limitations for each method here considered, also considers possible future developments of imaging techniques in this specific context for cultural heritage applications.

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Section: Wall Mosaic Characteristics and Main Diagnostic Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wall Mosaics: A Review of On-Site Non-Invasive Methods, Application Challenges and New Frontiers for Their Study and Preservation

2020

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“…A geophysical diagnosis represents a well-known tool to achieve the identification, protection, preservation, enhancement, and fruition of Cultural Heritage [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the use of geophysics for the diagnostics and monitoring of the health statuses of structures, surfaces of archaeological monuments, and manmade artifacts has largely increased because of the improved need to investigate cultural heritage features in a noninvasive way. In this framework, ultrasound, vibration-based methods, linear variable displacement transducer (LVDT), synthetic-aperture radar (SAR), thermography, and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) are often employed because of the nondestructive features of the applications and the high resolution of the results [11,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. For overall analyses of an artifact, the diagnostic methods are often qualitatively and quantitatively integrated with 3D metric surveys (photogrammetry and laser scanner), gathering information on external and inner signs of deterioration [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Use of 3D Metric Survey and GPR for the Diagnosis of the Trapezophoros with Two Griffins Attacking a Doe of Ascoli Satriano (Foggia, Italy)

et al. 2020

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Protection and conservation are not feasible without a deeper knowledge of the cultural heritage of the subject of intervention. A careful analysis of documentation, a detailed visual inspection of surfaces, and a systematic diagnosis of the inner properties are the basis for planning preventive strategies of restoration. Digital noninvasive techniques represent an advantageous tool with useful outputs to estimate the state of health of cultural heritage in order to minimize the progress of degradation. This paper deals with a 3D metric survey through photogrammetry and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) tests applied to the study of the trapezophoros with two griffins attacking a doe of Ascoli Satriano, a masterpiece of ancient art that needs to be protected. This work provided information on both visible and hidden defects, such as numerous cracks that affect the sculpture.

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“…Although GPR or georadar is worldwide increasingly being used in the diagnosis of historical buildings (Cozzolino et al . ), the use of this technique is almost non‐existent in Mexico.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GPR measurements to identify cracks and textural arrangements in the altar wall of the 16th‐century Santa Maria Huiramangaro Church, Michoacán, Mexico

Ortega‐Ramírez

Bano

Larrea‐López

et al. 2019

Near Surface Geophysics

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A three‐dimensional ground‐penetrating radar survey was performed on the altar wall, which faced the risk of collapse, of a 16th‐century church in Michoacán, Mexico. The ground‐penetrating radar survey with high‐frequency antennas aimed to locate structural cracks and texture arrangements, the latter through the interpretation of the patterns in the electromagnetic data. The results indicate that the superficially visible cracks or fractures, except for the lateral ones at each end of the wall, disappear at a depth of between 15 and 25 cm. The lower part of the wall below a height of 3.97 m presents an area with multiple diffractions, which suggests that the masonry is made of ‘stone and mud’ and the tilt appears precisely where the adobe wall starts. Using 1500 and 900 MHz antennas, the identified texture of the wall shows at least three leaves or layers with diverse materials and a wooden beam embedded in the wall. Additionally, the survey near the church with a 200 MHz antenna supports the hypotheses that local construction materials were used here. The results inspire us to continue applying ground‐penetrating radar, a non‐destructive method, to diagnose the walls and structures of historical monuments before any intervention.

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Geophysical Methods for Cultural Heritage Management

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Wall Mosaics: A Review of On-Site Non-Invasive Methods, Application Challenges and New Frontiers for Their Study and Preservation

Wall Mosaics: A Review of On-Site Non-Invasive Methods, Application Challenges and New Frontiers for Their Study and Preservation

Combined Use of 3D Metric Survey and GPR for the Diagnosis of the Trapezophoros with Two Griffins Attacking a Doe of Ascoli Satriano (Foggia, Italy)

GPR measurements to identify cracks and textural arrangements in the altar wall of the 16th‐century Santa Maria Huiramangaro Church, Michoacán, Mexico

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