Gallic acid is found in plant tissues in free form, as well as in the composition of complex esters and hydrolysed tannins. These phenolic compounds have significant antioxidant activity and protect plant cells from damage by free radicals. In the conditions of stress that occurs during the introduction of plants into in vitro culture, the vast majority of explants are characterised by an intensive synthesis of phenols, which quickly oxidise, polymerise, block the explants’ nutrition pathways, and cause tissue necrosis. The addition of gallic acid in millimolar concentrations to the nutrient medium reduces the risk of autointoxication of tissues by secondary metabolic products. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exogenous gallic acid on organogenesis and phenolic synthesis of Salix alba and Corylus avellana plants in vitro. For this purpose, the study used methods of tissue and organ culture in vitro, spectrophotometric determination of total phenols and flavonoids in leaves, methods of dispersion and nonparametric analysis. It was established that gallic acid at a concentration of 1 mmol·l-1 in the composition of the DKW nutrient medium caused the awakening of dormant buds, stimulated the growth of shoots, and also promoted the branching of stems, the development and growth of lateral roots of Salix alba in vitro. It also inhibited the synthesis of phenols in Corylus avellana plants of the varieties ‘Tonda Romana’, ‘Tonda Gentile Dele Lange’, ‘Barcelona’, while contributing to an increase in the content of phenolic compounds in the leaves of the varieties ‘Tonda Di Giffoni’, ‘Mortarella’, and ‘Epsilon’. It was established that the varieties recommended for fruiting have a higher content of phenolic compounds (‘Tonda Gentile Dele Lange’ and ‘Tonda Di Giffoni’) compared to pollinator varieties (‘Mortarella’). Therefore, exogenous gallic acid at a concentration of 1 mmol·l-1 has the properties of a non-specific regulator of phenol synthesis in regenerating plants of hazel (Corylus avellana), which is relevant for plants with a high content of phenols, especially at the stage of their introduction into in vitro culture
ЯРУСНА МІНЛИВІСТЬ МОРФОМЕТРИЧНИХ І ФІТОХІМІЧНИХ ОЗНАК ЛИСТКІВ BETULA РENDULA ROTH. А. Ф. ЛІХАНОВ, кандидат біологічних наук, доцент Національний університет біоресурсів і природокористування України Н. В. МІРОШНИК, кандидат біологічних наук, старший науковий співробітник ДУ «Інститут еволюційної екології НАН України» М. О. ШЕВЧУК, кандидат сільськогосподарських наук, доцент Національний університет біоресурсів і природокористування України М. Ю. ДУБЧАК, кандидат сільськогосподарських наук, старший викладач Національний університет біоресурсів і природокористування України М. Ю. МАЗУРА, кандидат біологічних наук, науковий співробітник ДУ «Інститут еволюційної екології НАН України»
In the plant body, phenolic compounds nonspecifically affect the processes of morphogenesis and perform a wide range of regulatory and protective functions. Of particular interest are the processes involved in the complexation of flavonoids as a result of their interaction with ammonium forms of nitrogen. Polar compounds, which are formed in tissues as a result of chemical transformation, are quite mobile in soil solutions and show high biological activity. The properties of phenol-ammonium complexes are of considerable interest in terms of morphogenesis, physiology of stability, as well as in the system of interaction of plants with soil microorganisms. Studies of the effect of phenol-ammonium complex were performed on seeds and seedlings of Scots pine. Quantitative indicators of germination energy and germination were determined by seed germination. Biochemical profiling of seedling tissue extracts was performed by high-performance thin layer chromatography. It has been experimentally confirmed that rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) after interaction with 10% aqueous ammonia solution forms a complex of substances, among which the chromatography revealed polar products that potentially affect the regulation of growth. At a total concentration of 15 mg/l, these substances significantly increased germination energy and seed germination. In pine seedlings, they stimulated the growth of roots and shoots. The effect of the complex of organic compounds on seedlings depended on the concentration, duration of seed treatment and had a prolonged effect. The obtained phenol-ammonium complex at a concentration of 10-15 mg/l contributed to an increase in the amount of chlorophylls, carotenoids in the tissues of seedlings, and at 20-40 mg/l increased the content of phenolic synthesis products.
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