та вивчення усіх чинників, з урахуванням глобального потепління клімату, дало змогу запропонувати заходи з підвищення біологічної стійкості майбутніх лісів на етапі їх відтворення. Розуміння і використання викладених вище положень щодо етіології та особливостей патогенезу масового всихання дерев і насаджень лісотвірних порід дають можливість превентивно застосовувати науково обґрунтовані лісогосподарські заходи, які унеможливлюють вищеперераховані обставини ослаблення та ризику, і, тим самим, запобігти прояву шкодочинної дії першопричин, що допоможе мінімізувати негативні наслідки патогенезу та зменшити можливі ресурсні, екологічні й соціальні втрати.
Modern technologies make it possible to obtain nanoparticles of biogenic metals for use as an additional source of micronutrient for plants. However, the complexity of mass application of nanosized metal particles and their oxides is due to the significant differences in physicochemical properties of nanocrystalline structures which are dependent on production technology, nanoparticle size, surface charge (-potential), and stabilization methods. The biocompatibility and nature of nanoparticles has an impact on living organisms. Regarding the effectiveness and feasibility of using cerium dioxide nanoparticles in crop practice, there is no definitive conclusion. Due to difficulty in the preparation of planting material for seedlings of conifers, the study of the effect of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide on plants is not well researched. The aim of our research was to study the effect of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide solution on the germination of spruce seeds and then to evaluate its effect on the synthesis of phenols as components of the antioxidant system within seedlings. The research used methods for determining the germination energy and seed similarities. Other methods used in this research were determining the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and phenolic antioxidants. The results showed that nanocrystalline cerium dioxide in a concentration of solution from 0.1 to 1.0 mg/mL stimulates the germination of spruce seeds. Under the influence of nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.1 mg/L in the tissues of spruce seedlings increases the content of phenolic compounds. The increase in antioxidant activity of phenols in seedling tissues while decreasing their total amount at a concentration of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L occurs when increasing the total pool of flavonoids, which are determined by high antioxidant activity. Nanocrystalline cerium dioxide is a promising material for stimulating germination energy and on the overall germination of spruce seeds.
Energy independence of the country can be solved in several ways. One of them is the creation of energy plantations of woody plants. The area increase of such plantations is limited by the insufficient amount of high-quality planting material. Hybrid plants of the genus Populus are of considerable interest when creating plantations. Given that not all hybrids are successfully propagated by conventional vegetative methods, the use of biotechnological methods, namely microclonal propagation, solves the mentioned problem. This method allows obtaining a large amount of highquality, uniform planting material. The purpose of this study was to develop the technology of microclonal propagation of black poplar hybrids ‘San Giorgio’ and ‘Ghoy’. The study used generally accepted biotechnological methods in the author’s modification at all stages of obtaining planting material of regenerating plants of poplar hybrids. Studies have established a positive effect when obtaining an aseptic culture of sterilising substances 0.1% AgNO3, 2.5 and 1.25% NaClO, 0.05% sodium merthiolate and 0.1% HgCl2. The largest number of aseptic viable explants was obtained by cultures using a 0.05% solution of sodium merthiolate after exposure for 5 and 10 minutes. When rooting microshoots on a hormone-free nutrient medium ½ MS and with the addition of 0.1-1.0 mg/l IBA, it was established that the best parameters for rooting microshoots are on a hormone-free nutrient medium ½ MS. Adaptation was carried out for 4 weeks in a greenhouse on a substrate that included components of peat:sand:perlite in a ratio of 1:1:1. The viability of regenerating plants of black poplar hybrids ‘San Giorgio’ and ‘Ghoy’ was more than 91%. The conducted research and the obtained results will be useful for producers of planting material and the scientific environment, which develop renewable energy sources through the creation of energy plantations of fast-growing woody plants
The current significant increase in the volume of growing ornamental seedlings in container culture in tree nurseries is conditioned by a number of significant advantages of planting material with an uninjured root system. At the same time, the agricultural technology for the production of such seedlings in container culture is much more complicated, compared to the traditional one. First of all, this is conditioned by growing them in a space limited by the size of containers and using an artificially prepared substrate. The purpose of the study was to conduct biotesting of three modifications of the substrate composition for the container culture of Spiraea japonica ‘Goldflame’, Tamarix tetrandra Pall. ex Bieb., Forsythia ovate Nakai and different doses of starter fertilisers “Nitroamofoska” and “Plantacote”. The study used both general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, and active experimentation, as well as applied research methods such as biometric, phenological, soil, and agrochemical. Studies have established the presence of species-specific reactions of experimental plants with different fastidiousness to soil conditions, to the composition of the substrate and the types and doses of starter fertiliser used in container culture. A conclusion was made regarding the increase in the profitability of their cultivation due to the use of cheaper local components for the preparation of the substrate. The conducted studies showed a number of advantages of using organo-mineral slow-release fertilisers in container culture as a starter, in particular, “Plantacote” at a dose of 2.5-5.0 g∙l-1. That the mass production of decorative planting material with a closed root system should be preceded by research on establishing species-specific reactions of cultivated plants to cultivation conditions, which are the basis for optimising the composition of the substrate and the level of mineral nutrition of cultivated plants in order to increase the efficiency of the production of decorative seedlings in container culture. The obtained results will be useful for producers of planting material and the scientific community working towards the development of container culture of ornamental plants
In the plant body, phenolic compounds nonspecifically affect the processes of morphogenesis and perform a wide range of regulatory and protective functions. Of particular interest are the processes involved in the complexation of flavonoids as a result of their interaction with ammonium forms of nitrogen. Polar compounds, which are formed in tissues as a result of chemical transformation, are quite mobile in soil solutions and show high biological activity. The properties of phenol-ammonium complexes are of considerable interest in terms of morphogenesis, physiology of stability, as well as in the system of interaction of plants with soil microorganisms. Studies of the effect of phenol-ammonium complex were performed on seeds and seedlings of Scots pine. Quantitative indicators of germination energy and germination were determined by seed germination. Biochemical profiling of seedling tissue extracts was performed by high-performance thin layer chromatography. It has been experimentally confirmed that rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) after interaction with 10% aqueous ammonia solution forms a complex of substances, among which the chromatography revealed polar products that potentially affect the regulation of growth. At a total concentration of 15 mg/l, these substances significantly increased germination energy and seed germination. In pine seedlings, they stimulated the growth of roots and shoots. The effect of the complex of organic compounds on seedlings depended on the concentration, duration of seed treatment and had a prolonged effect. The obtained phenol-ammonium complex at a concentration of 10-15 mg/l contributed to an increase in the amount of chlorophylls, carotenoids in the tissues of seedlings, and at 20-40 mg/l increased the content of phenolic synthesis products.
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