Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infections are the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) globally. The latter has contributed to a variety of adverse outcomes for both sexes. Moreover, in Brazil, epidemiological studies on patients with STIs are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of TV and its association with HPV in women undergoing cervical cancer screening. Methods Women with a normal cervix were recruited from a community-based cervical cancer screening program. Gynecological examinations were conducted, and questionnaires were provided. Vaginal canal and uterine cervix samples were collected for cytological examinations (reported using the 2001 Bethesda System) and tested for the presence of TV and HPV DNA. Results In total, 562 women who attended public primary healthcare were included in the study. The T. vaginalis was present in 19.0% (107) and HPV DNA was present in 46.8% (263) of women. Among the women of TV 73.8% (79) had a co-infection with HPV (p = 0.001). Conclusions We concluded that a TV infection is associated with an HPV infection of the cervix as well as with the cervical cytological abnormalities. Further studies could reveal the mechanisms by which these two organisms interact at the cellular level, with control for shared behavioral risk factors.

Objective. To verify the association between HPV infection and the presence of coinfections (Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) in women in the state of Maranhão. Methods. HPV-DNA detection was performed by the nested PCR, using the primers PGMY09/11 and GP + 5/GP + 6. For the identification of sexually transmitted agents, conventional PCR was performed using the following primers: KL1/KL2 (Chlamydia trachomatis), TVA5/TVA6 (Trichomonas vaginalis), and HO1/HO3 (Neisseria gonorrhoeae). DNA-HPV positive samples were subjected to automated sequencing for genotyping. Results. Among the 353 women evaluated, 204 (57.8%) had HPV-DNA, of which 140 (68.6%) exhibited HPV/STIs, while 64 (31.4%) had the only HPV. T. vaginalis infection showed a positive association with HPV ( p = 0.003 ). Women without cervical lesions were predominant (327/92.6%); however, the largest number of lesions was reported in women who had HPV/coinfections (18/8.8%). Multiple regression analysis showed that both HPV only and the concomitant presence of HPV/STI were able to indicate the occurrence of epithelial lesions (R = 0.164; R2 = 0.027). Conclusion. The findings suggest that the presence of T. vaginalis can contribute to HPV infection, and HPV/IST association may influence the development of cervical intraepithelial lesions that are precursors of cervical cancer.

This study presents 25 cases of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) that occurred in Sao Luis, Maranhao State, Northeast region, Brazil, between January 2007 and December 2018. Sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients as well as human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status were evaluated. Clinical and histopathological data were collected from the patients' medical records. For the HPV infection analysis, DNA was extracted and subjected to amplification by a nested polymerase chain reaction. Viral genotyping was performed by automated sequencing. The median age of patients was 12.40 ± 12.6. years, and the juvenile form of the disease (68%) was the predominant form of disease. Female participants were predominant (60%), and they were from cities located in the interior of the State (60%). The most common clinical manifestation was dysphonia; recurrence was observed in most cases (56%), and tracheostomy was necessary in seven patients (26.9%). When comparing the RRP forms, patients in the juvenile-RRP group had higher recurrence rates and need of tracheostomy than those in the adult-RRP group. The viral genotyping analysis revealed that 47.8% of patients had low-risk HPVs, whereas 13.1% had high-risk HPVs, and in 39.1% of patients the viral genotype was not obtained. HPV-6 was the most prevalent type and Juvenile-RRP was more prevalent in our population. HPV was present at a high rate, and HPV-6 was the predominant genotype. This study serves as the basis for further studies to be conducted in the Brazilian population. Our findings aid the better understanding of RRP, possibly suggesting some prognostic factors associated with the disease aggressiveness.

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infections are the most common STIs. The latter has contributed to a variety of adverse outcomes for both sexes. Moreover, in Brazil, epidemiological studies on patients with STIs are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of TV and its association with HPV in women undergoing cervical cancer screening. MethodsWomen with a normal cervix were recruited from a community-based cervical cancer screening program. Gynecological examinations were conducted and questionnaires were provided. Vaginal canal and uterine cervix samples were collected and tested for the presence of TV and HPV DNA. ResultsThe overall prevalence of HPV DNA was 45.68%; among these, 27.1% had a co-infection with TV (p = 0.001). The presence of TV was associated with an increased risk of HPV (p = 0.0001) and previously identified cytological changes (p = 0.0001). ConclusionsWe concluded that a TV infection is associated with an HPV infection of the cervix as well as with the cervical cytological abnormalities. Further studies could reveal the mechanisms by which these two organisms interact at the cellular level, with control for shared behavioral risk factors. This research is in agreement with Resolution No. 466/2012 of the National Health Council and has the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra, from Universidade Federal do Maranhão, under opinion number 76328917.5.0000.5086.

Objetivo: Realizar um estudo morfoanatômico e fitoquímico das folhas de Jatropha multifida, por meio da análise das características macro e microscópicas, assim como a realização de testes para detecção de classes de metabólitos. Metodologia: A análise morfoanatômica da planta foi realizada por meio de secções das faces adaxial e abaxial do limbo foliar e secções transversais do terço médio incluindo a nervura central das folhas da planta, a mão livre, e, posteriormente, coradas com azul de metileno e fucsina e observadas em microscópio óptico. No estudo fitoquímico utilizou-se extrato hidroalcóolico das folhas de Jatropha multifida nos testes para detecção de fenóis, taninos, flavonoides, cumarinas, esteroides, triterpenos, saponinas, alcaloides e resinas. Resultados: A folha de Jatropha multifida apresentou-se verde concolor, acuminada, palmatipartida, hipoestomática com estômatos anomocíticos, epiderme de células com parede curva, mesofilo dorsiventral, feixe vascular colateral e drusas. Em relação aos testes fitoquímicos, foram detectadas as presenças de taninos, cumarinas, esteroides e triterpenos, saponinas e alcaloides. Conclusão: Mediante as observações e testes realizados foi possível caracterizar Jatropha multifida, o que pode auxiliar na diferenciação dessa espécie de outras semelhantes, assim como na padronização dessa matéria-prima vegetal.

Pressure injury develops from prolonged pressure on the surface of the skin or soft tissues, making it difficult or impeding tissue perfusion, causing underlying tissue damage and especially bone prominence. The purpose of the present study was to raise risk factors associated with the occurrence of pressure injury and the possibility of nurses acting on their prevention according to the literature. DEVELOPMENT: The present study uses as integrative literature review method, performed through a search in the Virtual Health Library (VHL) in the databases of Lilacs and Medline and Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online) using the intersections of the descriptors "Pressure Injury", "Incidence", "Hospital". For the construction of this article, the following question was applied: what are the risk factors for the occurrence of pressure injury in the hospital environment and the nurse's role in relation to this problem? Among the main factors associated with the occurrence of pressure injury described in the analyzed studies were: skin exposure, excessive humidity, pressure on prominence, loss of sensation, immobility, friction and shear. In addition, studies have shown that the incidence of such injuries occurs mainly in critically ill male patients over the age of 60 and in longer hospitalizations. CONCLUSION: This study presented the risk factors for the occurrence of pressure injury, contributing to the understanding of the multicausality in the onset of this condition. It was found that some care can reduce the appearance of lesions, especially when directed to the environment, to extrinsic factors.

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