The copaiba oil decreased significantly the urea serum level at 24 and 48 hours and the creatinine level at 48 hours after kidney ischemia and reperfusion in rats.

Adiponectin, among other diverse adipokines, is produced in greater quantity and has an effect on the adipose tissue and other tissues in the body. Adiponectin plays three main roles: regulatory metabolic and sensitizing function of insulin in the liver and muscles; it acts as an anti-inflammatory cytokine and in vascular protection, besides important cardiac protection in the presence of ischemia-reperfusion syndrome. Since many situations resulting from traumatic accidents or pathologies are due to cell damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion syndrome, it is relevant to study new therapeutic alternatives that will contribute to reducing these lesions. The objective of this study is to carry out a literature review on the role of adiponectin in ischemia-reperfusion syndrome.

Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), an autoimmune condition associated with Graves' disease (GD), occurs at a prevalence of nearly 40% in patients diagnosed with GD. Ocular involvement is probably due to the presence of autoantibodies in the orbital tissues, regardless of the control state of thyroid hormones in individuals with GD, even during euthyroid or hypothyroid states, which are associated with thyroid hormone treatment. In addition to the immunological role present in the pathophysiology of GO, the genetic component, proteins and cytokines, minerals (e.g., selenium), and environmental factors (e.g., smoking) also contribute to its development and occurrence of clinical manifestations in varying degrees. Until now, the interaction of causal, intermediary, and triggering factors of GO is still unclear, so the purpose of this article is to review literature on the theme.

MedicinaCopyright Pinto et al. Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado.Resumo Introdução: A ocorrência de intolerância à iniciação dietética lipídica e proteica enteral em prematuros é comum. Esta dieta enteral deve ser iniciada, ao mesmo tempo, de forma gradual e precoce para evitar a depleção nutricional, a qual poderá levar a uma condição de desnutrição se não for tratada. Para determinar se a nutrição enteral está progredindo de forma satisfatória, existem certos parâmetros como o volume residual gástrico (VRG), usado para determinar se recém-nascidos de baixo peso (RNBP), de muito baixo peso (RNMBP) e lactentes se mostram tolerantes à progressão deste modelo dietético. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão da literatura médica, em bases de dados indexadas, para verificar se a determinação do VRG se mostra como ferramenta eficaz na predição da correta progressão da dieta enteral em RNBP, RNMBP e lactentes. Método: Verificar a importância da utilização do VRG como ferramenta de acompanhamento nutricional os autores buscaram artigos com as palavras-chave: esvaziamento gástrico, recém-nascido, baixo peso, lactente. Foram encontrados 47 artigos em três bases de dados científicas em um período de busca entre fevereiro e abril de 2018: Pubmed, Portal da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (LILACS e Medline) e Biblioteca Cochrane. Apenas vinte e três trabalhos foram considerados por apresentarem a VRG como método para verificar a tolerância dietética enteral em RNBP, RNMBP e lactentes. Nenhum artigo foi excluído pelos parâmetros de idioma ou data de publicação. Conclusão: Apesar de ser uma prática rotineira nos serviços de unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal verificar a tolerância à alimentação enteral no RNBP e lactentes pelo VRG, não há consenso entre os diferentes protocolos de serviço encontrados na literatura, não sendo possível, no momento, estabelecer o VRG como um parâmetro validado na avaliação da progressão dietética enteral nessa população. Descritores: esvaziamento gástrico; recém-nascido de baixo peso; lactente. Summary Introduction: The occurrence of lipid and protein enteral dietary initiation intolerance in preterm is common.This enteral dietary should be initiated, at the same time, in a gradually and earliest way to avoid depletion, which one will lead a malnutrition condition if untreated. To determine if enteral nutrition is being successfully performed, there are certain parameters like residual gastric volume (RGV) that are used to determine if low weight newborns (LWN) and infants are tolerant to enteral dietary progression. Objective: Searching in actual literature data that can confirm if RGV is a reliable tool to validate enteral dietary tolerance progress. Methods: To evaluate the importance of using RVG as a nutritional monitoring tool the authors searched papers with the keywords: gastric emptying, newborn, lo...

Introduction: handbooks’ elaboration and validation have been important as far as the concept of Evidence-Based Medicine is consolidated, allowing the creation of protocols or guidelines. Objective: to validate the handbook “Endocrinology for Primary Care Physicians”. Method: The handbook was developed in eight chapters (pre-diabetes, diabetes, gestational diabetes, dyslipidemias, thyroid nodules, hypo and hyperthyroidism, climacteric and menopause, overweight and obesity) based on international and current guidelines. The chapters dealt with the diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and referral of each disease and had their technical content reviewed by experts in endocrinology, and with experience in medical education. The handbook was validated by the Likert scale method, regarding the scientific adequacy of the content, as well as method-pedagogical adequacy. Results: the handbook was validated with 98% of scientific adequacy and 96% of method-pedagogical adequacy. Conclusion: the handbook “Endocrinology for Primary Care Physicians” was validated with an average of 97% of scientific and methodological-pedagogical adequacies.