On 27 February 2010, Chile experienced one of the strongest earthquakes in recorded history. The study aimed to evaluate post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and post‐traumatic growth (PTG) in children and adolescents 12 months (T1) and 24 months (T2) after the earthquake and tsunamis in Chile in 2010. Three hundred twenty‐five children and adolescents (47.4% girls; 52.6% boys) between the ages of 10 and 16 years participated in the study. The instruments included the Revised Post‐traumatic Growth Inventory for Children by Kilmer et al., the Childhood PTSD Scale by Foa et al. and the Rumination Scale for Children by Cryder et al., as well as a scale to assess the severity of the event and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The PTSS and PTG scores decreased at T2. In addition, the main predictors of PTSS and PTG were disruptive experiences, losses after the event and intrusive and deliberate rumination during the previous year. These results enhance understanding of factors related to PTG, improve the ability to predict PTSS and PTG in children and adolescents following natural disasters, and inform the design of intervention strategies to promote better mental health in those affected.
El trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT) es una de las consecuencias más frecuentes de la exposición a desastres naturales. El objetivo del estudio es describir la sintomatología postraumática en niños, niñas y adolescentes expuestos a un terremoto el año 2015 en la ciudad de los Vilos, Chile (Región de Coquimbo). Se aplicó la Escala Infantil de Síntomas de Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (CPSS), un cuestionario de severidad a exposición a un evento traumático y un cuestionario sociodemográfico a 105 participantes de 12 a 16 años, 12 meses después de ocurrido el evento. La tasa total probable de TEPT fue de 29,5% con mayor incidencia en mujeres y niños (as) de menor edad. La exposición al desastre y la percepción de amenazas importantes a su integridad aumenta los niveles de TEPT. Los resultados dan cuenta de la importancia de implementar programas preventivos y diseñar estrategias de intervención que contribuyan a enfrentar las consecuencias de un desastre natural en niños, niñas y adolescentes.
The present study examines the psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Children in its brief version (PTGI-C-R; Kilmer et al., 2009), an inventory that measured positive personal changes that occur after experiencing a traumatic event. The PTGI-C-R was applied to 393 children from 10 to 15 years of age affected by the earthquake and tsunami in Chile February 27, 2010. The scale showed good internal consistency and discriminant validity in relation to an inventory of posttraumatic stress symptoms. It was also able to discriminate between children who had high exposure to the earthquake and children with mild or no exposure. Confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate goodness of fit for a 2-factor structure: general change and spiritual change. The PTGI-C-R also showed factorial invariance in groups of high and low exposure. These positive psychometric qualities indicate the utility of the instrument for use in children and adolescents exposed to natural disasters. (PsycINFO Database Record
La pandemia por Covid-19 ha obligado a confinar a la población por tiempos prolongados. La posibilidad de salir del hogar tras la cuarentena, puede producir ansiedad y miedo al contagio. El objetivo del presente estudio es construir un instrumento para evaluar la ansiedad por desconfinamiento y probar sus propiedades psicométricas. La Escala de Ansiedad ante el Desconfinamiento se aplicó en forma online a 417 personas de 18 años o más, hombres y mujeres, residentes en Chile. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio que encontró dos dimensiones: evitación del contagio y malestar emocional. La escala mostró una correlación positiva con malestar general y negativa con satisfacción con la vida. La escala total obtuvo un α de Cronbach de .92 y sus subfactores explican una varianza de 51.24% del constructo. Estos resultados permiten contar con un instrumento válido y confiable para evaluar la ansiedad por desconfinamiento, que puede ser utilizado para detectar a personas vulnerables a problemas de salud mental durante o después de superada la pandemia.
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