No abstract

ResumoDiante da indiscriminação com que os conceitos de Espiritualidade, Religiosidade, e Religião são tratados, o objetivo deste artigo é de discutir diferenciações e apontar as suas influências no âmbito psicológico. Recorreu-se às bases de dados BVS, PsycINFO e SciELO, onde foram encontrados 11 artigos, dos quais somente sete puderam ser utilizados para a categorização, pois atendiam aos objetivos deste trabalho. O material encontrado foi submetido ao método de Análise de Conteúdo. Assim, foi possível diferenciar os conceitos, sendo que a espiritualidade é compreendida como a dimensão mais abrangente. Espiritualidade e saúde têm sido estudadas na busca de melhores tratamentos e diminuição do sofrimento dos indivíduos. Religiosidade é expressão ou prática do crente que pode estar relacionada com uma instituição religiosa. Já Religião é composta por determinadas crenças e ritos, compreendida como meios que levam à relação com o transcendente. Verifica-se que há ou que pode haver certa dificuldade entre os profissionais psicólogos para compreender e diferenciar os conceitos de espiritualidade, religiosidade e religião, e inclui-los em sua clínica, a espiritualidade está presente nas atividades dos psicólogos e nos processos terapêuticos dos usuários dos serviços psicológicos nos âmbitos público e privado. Palavras-chave: espiritualidade, religiosidade, religião, psicologia. Espiritualidade, Religiosidade e Religião

<p>In Brazil, the number of validated and recognized scientific instruments for clinical evaluation of elderly persons is limited. The Older Adult Self-Report (OASR) is a psychopathological rating scale for persons with more than 60 years, which evaluates adaptive functioning and psychopathology. The aim of this study was at investigating OASR construct and criterion validity evidence for Brazilian elderly. The sample included 345 individuals, between 60 and 94 years of age, which were recruited by convenience. Participants responded to a questionnaire containing questions about demographic and health information, the Mini Mental State Examination, the Geriatric Depression Scale short version and the OASR. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation and discriminant analysis. The results showed significant associations between the scores of OASR’s subscales, correlating with general cognitive ability and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, OASR was sensitive to identify elderly with significant symptoms of depression. In conclusion, the OASR showed adequate evidence of construct and criterion validity for a sample of Brazilian elderly.</p>

Perfil de idosos através do modelo dos cinco fatores de personalidade (Big Five): revisão sistemática Perfil de ancianos mediante modelo de los cinco factores de personalidad de (Big Five): revisión sistemática Profile of elderly people through the five personality factors model (Big Five): a systematic review * * Artículo de investigación. http://dx.Recibido: 2 de septiembre de 2015 Revisado: 3 de octubre de 2015 Aceptado: 12 de diciembre de 2015 con ancianos se hacen más importantes, sobre todo bajo la mirada de una teoría reconocida y valorizada en el medio científico, Big Five. AbstractPersonality characteristics at old age may remain stable, but they may also change due to experiences during the life cycle, which require an individual adjustment to the new circumstances. Personality traits vary from person to person and they tend to be relatively stable throughout life. One of the theories of personality is the Big Five model, which proposes the existence of five main personality factors -this model has evidence of universality and application in different contexts. This study aimed to conduct a systematic literature review of biopsychosocial aspects of personality at old age from the Big Five Model. We used the Personality, Big Five and Elderly descriptors present in the abstract, between 2010 and 2014 in the Scopus, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science and ProQuest international databases. Results showed differences in personality traits with regards to the types of housing, assertiveness, quality of life, affection and metamemory skills. Neuroticism is associated with certain behaviors related to a more negative functioning of the person. Given that the population is aging in many countries, studies with the elderly are important, especially from the perspective of a recognized theory valued in scientific circles.

Several biopsychosocial changes in individuals' life might happen, resulting in a decline of longterm cognitive abilities. In this way, the aim of this study was to compare cognition in non-clinical older adults in Brazil during a four-year period, as well as to examine which variables may explain cognitive function variations identified during this time. For this purpose, a longitudinal study was developed including 108 older Brazilians in phase I and 64 in phase II, from 2013 to 2017. Sociodemographic variables were assessed and the following instruments were administered: the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) -3rd Edition -Digital Symbol-Coding subtests, the Verbal Fluency Test (animal category), the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Geriatric Depression Scale 15-item version (GDS-15). In order to compare cognitive variables, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for repeated measures was used. Temporal comparisons of nominal variables were carried out using McNemar's chi-square tests for matched pairs. Finally, multiple linear regression and correlation analyses were applied, using the participants' cognitive performance variation scores (D) as dependent variables. Global cognitive function delayed verbal episodic memory, and processing speed experienced a significant decline in four years. Symptoms of anxiety were the main predictor of cognitive performance variations in this sample.

Cognitive reserve enables individuals to preserve their cognition, despite a possible underlying brain pathology. The objective was to verify which components contribute to an indirect measurement of cognitive reserve in older adults, assessed longitudinally within a four-year interval. The sample was comprised of 64 older adults from the community. The following instruments were used: sociodemographic form; Mini-Mental State Examination; subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale -Third Edition; Trail Making Test; Verbal Fluency Test (animal category); Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test; Beck Anxiety Inventory; and the Geriatric Depression Scale 15-item version. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed for the data analysis. The sample was predominantly composed of women (81.3%) and the mean age of the sample was 73.19 years (SD = 6.12). With respect to the variables related to cognitive reserve, it was found that anxiety was the predictor variable of more cognitive components: It was found that poorer cognitive performance is associated with anxiety, and this variable is negatively related to cognitive reserve, as well as to the age variable. Engaging in cognitively stimulating activities, education level and living with someone were deemed to be factors that help build cognitive reserve in older adults.

No abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurological disease, resulting from cell degeneration in the substantia nigra, responsible for the production of dopamine.Objective: This study aimed to characterize the cognitive functioning, personality factors and prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, this study sought to analyze whether personality factors were predictors of cognitive functioning.Methods: The sample consisted of 30 elderly with PD. Participants completed a sociodemographic data sheet, the NEO-FFI-R (Five Factor Inventory NEO Revised), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Beta-III, the phonemic verbal fluency test and semantics (Animals), the digits span subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults and the Boston Naming Test and the word list of the CERAD battery, the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Results: The elderly with PD presented impairment in verbal episodic memory and executive functions. Most of the participants demonstrated low levels of neuroticism. The extraversion factor was positively correlated with executive functions and the openness to experience factor was positively correlated with verbal episodic memory. It was concluded that the elderly with PD presented memory and executive function impairments. The factor that most contributed to performance of the elderly with PD on memory and executive function tasks was the extraversion factor.