In sepsis, platelets may become activated via toll-like receptors (TLRs), causing microvascular thrombosis. Megakaryocytes (MKs) also express these receptors; thus, severe infection may modulate thrombopoiesis. To explore the relevance of altered miRNAs in platelet activation upon sepsis, we first investigated sepsis-induced miRNA expression in platelets of septic patients. The effect of abnormal Dicer level on miRNA expression was also evaluated. miRNAs were profiled in septic vs. normal platelets using TaqMan Open Array. We validated platelet miR-26b with its target SELP (P-selectin) mRNA levels and correlated them with clinical outcomes. The impact of sepsis on MK transcriptome was analyzed in MEG-01 cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment by RNA-seq. Sepsis-reduced miR-26b was further studied using Dicer1 siRNA and calpain inhibition in MEG-01 cells. Out of 390 platelet miRNAs detected, there were 121 significantly decreased, and 61 upregulated in sepsis vs. controls. Septic platelets showed attenuated miR-26b, which were associated with disease severity and mortality. SELP mRNA level was elevated in sepsis, especially in platelets with increased mean platelet volume, causing higher P-selectin expression. Downregulation of Dicer1 generated lower miR-26b with higher SELP mRNA, while calpeptin restored miR-26b in MEG-01 cells. In conclusion, decreased miR-26b in MKs and platelets contributes to an increased level of platelet activation status in sepsis.

Abstract:Horseshoe kidney is a fusion anomaly found in approximately one in 400-600 people. Due to vascular and ureteral variations, transplantation with a horseshoe kidney presents a technical challenge. In our case, the isthmus connected the upper poles and contained parenchyma. It consisted of three renal arteries, fi ve veins collected to the inferior vena cava, and two ureters and pyelons. It was implanted en bloc to the left side retroperitoneally. During the early period, cellular and humoral rejection was confi rmed and treated. For a urine leak, double J catheters were implanted into both ureters. Later, the fi rst catheter was removed. Subsequently, urinary sepsis developed, necessitating graftectomy. The uncommon anatomy of ureters and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) may both be factors for a ureter tip necrosis led to an infected urinoma. After other Hungarian authors, we also report a horseshoe kidney transplantation that was technically successful. However, after an adequately treated but severe acute humoral rejection, the patient developed sepsis, and the kidney had to be removed. We conclude that transplantation with horseshoe kidney is technically feasible but may increase the risk for urinary complications and resultant infections. Careful consideration of risk and benefi t is advised when a transplant professional is faced with this option.

Aneszteziológiai és Intenzív Terápiás Klinika, DebrecenA COVID-19-fertőzéses, kritikus állapotba került betegek körében a cardiorespiratoricus rendszer összeomlása a következő mechanizmusok útján történhet: (1) citokinvihar, haemophagocytosis -szeptikus sokk, (2) uralhatatlan hypoxaemia, (3) specifikus szervelégtelenségek, illetve többszervi elégtelenség részjelenségeként. Ebben az összefoglalóban a fenti állapotok ellátásának és megelőzésének jelenleg rendelkezésre álló terápiás opcióit tekintjük át. A szeptikus sokk kezelésére az utóbbi években egyre gyakrabban és biztató sikerességgel kerül alkalmazásra a citokinek eltávolítása CytoSorb-haemoperfusióval. A konvencionális, mechanikus lélegeztetéssel már nem kezelhető hypoxaemia esetén szóba jön az inhalált nitrogén-oxid (iNO), az inhalációs formában bejuttatott epoprosztenol és a venovenosus extracorporalis membránoxigenizáció (VV-ECMO). A többnyire késői fázisban fellépő szervelégtelenségek gyakori komponense az akut veseelégtelenség, amely a rendelkezésre álló folyamatos vesepótló kezelések valamelyikének indítását igényli. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 704-709.

In this Escherichia coli induced porcine model, severe sepsis was evident by conventional criteria at 4 hours while several - mostly hypoxemia induced - biomarkers were already altered by 2 hours.

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(1) Introduction: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a frequently applied open abdomen (OA) treatment. There are only a few experimental data supporting this method and describing the optimal settings and pressure distribution in the abdominal cavity during this procedure. The aim of our study was to evaluate pressure values at different points in the abdominal cavity during NPWT in experimental abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) animal model; (2) Methods: In this study (permission Nr. 13/2014/UDCAW), 27 Hungahib pigs (15.4–20.2 kg) were operated on. ACS was generated by implanting a plastic bag in the abdomen through mini-laparotomy and filled with 2100–3300 mL saline solution (37 °C) to an intraabdominal pressure (IAP) of 30 mmHg. After 3 h, NPWT (Vivano Med® Abdominal Kit, Paul Hartmann AG, Germany) or a Bogota bag was applied. The NPWT group was divided into −50, −100 and −150 mmHg suction groups. Pressure distribution to the abdominal cavity was monitored at 6 different points of the abdomen via a multichannel pressure monitoring system; (3) Results: The absolute pressure levels were significantly higher above than below the protective layer. The values of the pressure were similar in the midline and laterally. Amongst the bowels, the pressure values changed periodically between 0 and −12 mmHg which might be caused by peristaltic movements; (4) Conclusions: The porcine model of the present study seems to be well applicable for investigating ACS and NPWT. It was possible to provide valuable information for clinicians. The pressure was well distributed by the protective layer to the lateral parts of the abdomen and this phenomenon did not change considerably during the therapy.

Aneszteziológiai és Intenzív Terápiás Klinika, DebrecenJelenleg a COVID-19 kezelésére bizonyítottan hatékony terápia nem áll rendelkezésre. Az alábbiakban a teljesség igénye nélkül az ilyen vonatkozásban leginkább vizsgált gyógyszerek kerülnek bemutatásra. A felsorolt terápiás lehetőségek mindegyike kísérletinek tekintendő ebben a fázisban. Tekintettel a járvány súlyos népegészségügyi hatásaira, illetve az intenzív osztályon kezelt COVID-19-betegek potenciálisan fatális kimenetelére, 'off-label' alkalmazásuk mégis megfontolandó.