Eucalyptus spp. it is known to be part of most forests planted for commercial use in Brazil, however when intercropped with Pitaia (Hylocereus undatus), few studies report this interaction. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of shading and the existence of allelopathic interaction between Eucalyptus spp and pitaia (H. undatus) in the field, as well as the action of eucalyptus leaf extract in the germination of pitaia seeds in laboratory conditions. In the field experiment, the statistical model of randomized block design (DBC) was used, with the use of adult plants of pitaia and eucalyptus, evaluating the following variables: number of shoots in the aerial part; number of flowers; crown diameter; circumference of the cladode; number of fruits and the variation in the amount of light reaching the plants. It was observed that the plants that were outside the eucalyptus forest showed better results. In the second experiment, the allelopathic action of different concentrations of aqueous extracts of eucalyptus leaves on the germination of pitaia seeds was evaluated. This experiment was carried out in DIC with four repetitions of 60 pitaia seeds. These seeds were then subjected to treatments with different dilutions, varying from 0% (control), 12.5%, 25% and 50% of the stock solution. It was observed that as the leaf extract concentrations increased, germination decreased. The concentrations of 0% (control) and 12.5% showed better results. In conclusion, in fact, eucalyptus exerted an allelopathic action on pitaia plants.
Para se produzir pitaia é essencial que ocorra a polinização de suas flores, que pode ser realizada de forma artificial ou por agentes polinizadores. A polinização cruzada efetuada por insetos apresenta como vantagens o maior número de sementes, maior massa de frutos, vida de prateleira, maior valor nutritivo e o incremento nas taxas de frutificação efetiva. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a comunidade de insetos visitantes florais na espécie Hylocereus undatus fora de sua área geográfica de origem. Foram selecionadas ao acaso 15 plantas de pitaia vermelha (Hylocereus undatus) com sete anos de idade. Em cada uma das plantas, foram selecionadas as flores que iriam abrir naquela noite para a coleta dos visitantes florais. A coleta dos insetos foi realizada em dois períodos (diurno e noturno), que correspondem aos períodos de antese das flores de pitaia, por 2 anos de produção. Foram avaliadas as variáveis: número de visitas (contabilizado pelo número de vezes em que os insetos tocaram os estigmas das flores) e as espécies visitantes. A abelha Apis mellifera pode ser considerada potencial polinizadora da pitaia em regiões de clima subtropical. Durante a floração da pitaia, foi encontrada uma abundância distinta nos dois períodos estudados, sendo bem maior no período diurno. A planta atrai uma diversidade de visitantes florais que podem ser encontrados coletando recursos alimentares das flores.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of the micrografting of yellow dragon fruit (Selenicereus megalanthus) on different rootstocks, based on DNA content and anatomical analyses. The used rootstocks were: yellow dragon fruit, white dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus), Saborosa (Selenicereus setaceus) dragon fruit, and the Cebra and Orejona red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) varieties. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and four replicates of five plants. After 30 days of cultivation, the following traits were evaluated: length and diameter of the micrografts and microrootstocks; and root length, percentage of setting, and fresh mass of the micrografts. Flow cytometry analyzes were performed before and after micrografting to verify genetic stability and the occurrence of endoreduplication. In addition, histological sections were made in the micrografting region to verify the connections of vessels and tissues between the graft and the rootstock. Endoreduplication was observed in all treatments. The amount of DNA in the yellow dragon fruit micrograft increased on the red Orejona variety. The presence of vessel connections was verified between the micrografts and microrootstocks. The yellow dragon fruit was also more vigorous when grafted on Orejona. Based on DNA content and anatomical analyses, in vitro yellow dragon fruit micrografting is feasible in all used rootstocks.
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