The lack of own funds of enterprises is one of the main problems in resolving issues related to the expansion, the acquisition of new equipment or the replacement of the old one. In contemporary economic conditions, it is leasing that is considered one of the most progressive ways of financing business activity. This financial toolkit is able to provide enterprises with access to the most advanced production technologies and equipment. At the same time, this mechanism is paid insufficient attention in our country. To solve these problems, the authors propose, firstly, the implementation of the algorithm for the development of the reproduction of the material and technical base of organizations based on the use of financial leasing. Secondly, a technique for calculating leasing payments based on a parametric model is suggested, taking into account the application of lowering coefficients. The implementation of the proposed toolkit is aimed at improving leasing relations as one of the most important factors of the development of the material and technical base, and funding for reproduction processes.

The economy is subject to changes. It is characterized by the uneven nature of expanded reproduction: periods of increased production and consumption are combined with recessions and crises; new development trajectories emerge. The cyclical nature of economic development means that the main indicators and parameters of this process are wave-like. Interest in cyclical fluctuations is increasing, especially during crises. Each cycle has its own development and technological structure. New technologies and innovations spread during the upward wave of the subsequent cycle. During the downward wave, the development of the technological structure is slowing down, facing economic and social constraints caused by market limits and insufficient production efficiency. Previously dominant technologies and institutions become exhausted. It creates conditions for the development of new leading technologies, a new technological order and new social institutions. Thus, crises stimulate technological development. The article discusses Kitchin, Juglar, Kuznets, Kondratyev cycles and their regularities. The indicators used for tracking economic cycles, their turning points whose dynamics coincides with cyclical fluctuations of the economy are as follows: GDP growth rate; unemployment rate; consumer price index; investment growth rate; industrial production growth rate; gross saving growth rate; refinancing rate.

The role of housing and communal services is crucial, and it is increasing due to the development of information technologies and a “Smart city” concept. With an increase in the number of population, the consumption of energy and other global resources increases. It is necessary to improve the housing and communal services, create and develop the concept “Smart cities” in the Russian Federation. The government aims to create a National Consortium for the development and implementation of digital technologies in the field of urban economy. At the same time, the main task is professional self-realization of university graduates. Currently, intelligent production requires specialists to design innovative products and services and solve problems of innovative production, marketing, and information technologies.

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To expand the reproduction in the agricultural industry (a priority task of Russia), to achieve the goal of import substitution and food security, it is necessary to ensure continuous renewal and replenishment of resources. To assess the type of reproduction in agricultural organizations, average annual growth indicators taking into account resource (labour, land, capital) and economic conditions (profitability, liquidity, financial stability, turnover) were used. According to the method used for assessing the type of reproduction, organizations can be categorized into three clusters. Development problems within each cluster were determined to evaluate conditions of reproduction taking into account cluster characteristics. Agricultural organizations using the method of expanded reproduction have modern agricultural equipment, high-yielding crop varieties and highly productive animal breeds. Organizations of the second and third clusters have limited resources (labour, land, basic and working capital) and low profits.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

No abstract