ScopeMicronutrients are in small amounts in foods, act in concert, and require variable amounts of time to see changes in health and risk for disease. These first principles are incorporated into an intervention study designed to develop new experimental strategies for setting target recommendations for food bioactives for populations and individuals.Methods and resultsA 6‐week multivitamin/mineral intervention is conducted in 9–13 year olds. Participants (136) are (i) their own control (n‐of‐1); (ii) monitored for compliance; (iii) measured for 36 circulating vitamin forms, 30 clinical, anthropometric, and food intake parameters at baseline, post intervention, and following a 6‐week washout; and (iv) had their ancestry accounted for as modifier of vitamin baseline or response. The same intervention is repeated the following year (135 participants). Most vitamins respond positively and many clinical parameters change in directions consistent with improved metabolic health to the intervention. Baseline levels of any metabolite predict its own response to the intervention. Elastic net penalized regression models are identified, and significantly predict response to intervention on the basis of multiple vitamin/clinical baseline measures.ConclusionsThe study design, computational methods, and results are a step toward developing recommendations for optimizing vitamin levels and health parameters for individuals.

This study aimed to investigate the association between DNA damage and blood levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), retinol, beta-carotene and riboflavin in Brazilian children and adolescents.

BackgroundChildhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (c-SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease which increases cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) such as elevated homocysteine, TNF-α, and hs-C reactive protein.MethodsWe evaluated BMI, waist circumference (WC), 24-h recalls, SLEDAI-2 K, SLICC/ACR-DI, serum levels of homocysteine, folate, TNF-α, hs-C reactive protein, lipid profile, proteomic data, and duration of corticosteroid therapy in 19 c-SLE and 38 healthy volunteers. Physiological and anthropometric variables of c-SLE and healthy controls were compared by ANCOVA. k-cluster was used to separate c-SLE into two different groups with the best and the worst metabolic profile according to previous analysis showing some metabolites that were statistically different from controls, such as homocysteine, TNF-α, hs-CRP and folate levels. These two clusters were again compared with the control group regarding nutritional parameters, lipid profile and also proteomic data.ResultsIndividuals with c-SLE presented higher BMI, WC, homocysteine, triglycerides, TNF-α, hs-CRP and lower folate levels when compared to controls. We found 10 proteins whose relative abundances were statistically different between control group and lupus clusters with the best (LCBMP) and the worst metabolic profile (LCWMP). A significant positive correlation was found between TNF-α and triglycerides and between hs-CRP and duration of corticosteroid therapy.ConclusionCardiovascular disease (CVD) risk parameters were worse in c-SLE. A less protective CVD proteomic profile was found in LCWMP.

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Micronutrients and their metabolites are cofactors in proteins involved in lipid metabolism. The present study was a subproject of the Harmonized Micronutrient Project (ClinTrials.gov # NCT01823744). Twenty participants were randomly selected from 136 children and adolescents that consumed a daily dose of 12 vitamins and 5 minerals supplementation for 6 weeks. The 20 individuals were divided into two pools of 10 individuals, according to their lipid profile at baseline (Pool 1 with lower triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL). The individuals were analyzed at baseline, after 6 weeks of daily supplementation, and after 6 weeks of a washout period in relation to anthropometric, body composition, food intake, lipid profile, micronutrient levels, and iTRAQ proteomic data. Genetic ancestry and its association with vitamin serum levels were also determined. After supplementation, LDL levels decreased while alpha-tocopherol and pantothenic acid levels increased in pool 2; lipid profiles in pool 1 did not change but had higher plasma levels of pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, and pyridoxic acid. In pool 2, expression of some proteins increased, and expression of other ones decreased after intervention, while in pool 1, the same proteins responded inversely or did not change their levels. Plasma alpha-tocopherol and Native American genetic ancestry explained a significant fraction of LDL plasma levels at baseline and in response to the intervention. After intervention, changes in expression of alpha-1 antitrypsin, haptoglobin, Ig alpha-1 chain C region, plasma protease C1 inhibitor, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1, fibrinogen alpha, beta, and gamma-chain in individuals in pool 2 may be associated with levels of LDL and vitamin E. Vitamin E and Native American genetic ancestry may also be implicated in changes of vitamin E and LDL levels. The results of this pilot study must be validated in future studies with larger sample size or in in vitro studies. 20 participants were divided into two metabolic groups according only to their lipid profiles: individuals in pool 1 (n = 10) had lower triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL levels, and individuals in pool 2 K E Y W O R D S genetic ancestry, intervention study, lipid profile, metabolomics, proteomics, Vitamin plasma levels

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RESUMOObjetivo: avaliar o índice de sobras e resto-ingesta do almoço da Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição do Grupo de Apoio a Pacientes Oncológicos. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo em que foram analisadas as refeições de 2664 comensais. Utilizou-se, para a análise dos dados, a tabulação para a organização das informações, e todos os cálculos foram realizados conforme fórmulas. Resultados: verificaram-se um índice de sobras de 24,4% e um índice de restos de 6,75 em pacientes e 8,29, em acompanhantes/colaboradores, sendo que o índice de sobras está acima do recomendado pela literatura em que este estudo se apoiou, demonstrando uma perda considerável de alimentos. Conclusão: avalia-se que os resultados deste trabalho demonstram que o índice de RI se encontra no índice aceitável, conforme a literatura, porém, a quantidade de alimentos desprezados pela UAN e a despesa com matéria-prima ainda são excessivas, ocorrendo o desperdício de alimentos e um gasto desnecessário que poderia ser revertido em outros benefícios para pacientes com câncer. Descritores: Resto-Ingesta; Índice de Sobras; Aceitação e Desperdício; Planejamento; Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição; Oncologia.ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the leftovers and rest-of-ingestion intake index of the Food and Nutrition Unit of the Oncology Patients Support Group. Method: this is a quantitative study in which the meals of 2664 diners were analyzed. For the analysis of the data, the tabulation was used to organize the information, and all calculations were performed according to formulas. Results: there was a surplus index of 24.4% and a rest index of 6.75 in patients and 8.29 in companions / collaborators, with the remainder index being above that recommended by the literature in which this study was supported, demonstrating a considerable loss of food. Conclusion: it is evaluated that the results of this work demonstrate that the IR index is in the acceptable index, according to the literature, however, the amount of food scorned by the FNU and the raw material expenditure are still excessive, with the waste of food and an unnecessary expense that could be reversed in other benefits for cancer patients. Descriptors: Rest-intake; food scraps; Acceptance and Waste; Planning; Food and Nutrition Unit; Oncology.RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el índice de sobras y resto-ingesta del almuerzo de la Unidad de Alimentación y Nutrición del Grupo de Apoyo a Pacientes Oncológicos. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo en el que se analizaron las comidas de 2664 comensales. Se utilizó, para el análisis de los datos, la tabulación para la organización de las informaciones, y todos los cálculos se realizaron según las fórmulas. Resultados: se verificó un índice de sobras de 24,4% y un índice de restos de 6,75 en pacientes y 8,29, en acompañantes / colaboradores, siendo que el índice de sobras está por encima del recomendado por la literatura en que éste estudio se apoyó, demostrando una pérdida considerable de alimentos. Conclusión: se evalúa que los resultados de este trabajo demuestran que el índice de RI se encuentra en el índice aceptable, conforme a la literatura, sin embargo, la cantidad de alimentos despreciados por la UAN y el gasto con materia prima todavía son excesivos, ocurriendo el desperdicio de alimentos y un gasto innecesario que podría revertir en otros beneficios para los pacientes con cáncer. Descriptores: Resto de la ìngestión; Índice de Sobras; Aceptación Y Despercicio; Planificación; Unidad de Alimentación y Nutrición; Oncología.

Introdução: Na última década foram produzidos vários trabalhos que identificaram a população microbiana intestinal humana como um dos braços do projeto Microbioma e posteriormente mais estudos que associaram populações específicas de microorganismos a determinadas funções e processos metabólicos no organismo, entre as diversas vertentes de estudo ressalta-se aqui a influência da microbiota no processo de obesidade e emagrecimento. Objetivo: Realizar revisão sistemática da literatura sobre as implicações da microbiota intestinal humana na gênese da