We report a case of prenatal diagnosis of a benign fetal skin tumor on the chin made at 27 weeks of pregnancy by ultrasound scan. We report this case given the uncommon diagnosis and the unique fetal facial profile seen on ultrasound, resembling the image of an ancient Egyptian pharaoh which made us call it ‘Ramses’ sign’ as a future mnemonic aid to sonographers.
Objectives: Rotavirus (RV) is the most frequent cause of severe gastroenteritis frequently requiring hospitalization. RV is responsible for > 1/2 of all hospital stays for acute gastroenteritis. The objective was to estimate the burden of community acquired rotavirus gastro-enteritis requiring hospitalization (CRVGE) in children ≤ 5 years old in Czech Republic (CR) and Slovakia (SK). MethOds: Multi-center, retrospective patient chart review was conducted in both pediatric and infection disease settings in CR (n= 109) and SK (n= 115). Resource use analysis including length of hospital stay and tests performed were evaluated. Patients requiring rehydration, complications and comorbidities were considered. Direct cost from payer's perspective were retrieved from official DRG lists (CR) and fixed hospitalization cost rates per case (SK). Micro-costing was done in parallel based on the resource use data. Results: Mean length of hospital stay in CR and SK was 3.9 (SD 1.9) and 4.1 days (SD 1.7) respectively. Prevalent diagnostic tests used were latex agglutination 44.0% (CR) and immunochromatography 92% (SK). Rehydration was required in 84.4% (CR) and 97% (SK) of cases. Comorbidities were reported in 24.8% (CR) and 27% (SK); complications in 10.1% (CR) and 7.8% (SK). The national list-based reimbursement per hospitalized CRVGE is € 370-645 (CR) and € 561 (SK). The calculated average total costs, including treatment prior to, and after admission, were € 462 (CR) and € 583 (SK). The major cost item was the hospital stay with € 391 (CR) and € 540 (SK). Costs for tests and drugs during hospitalization were € 30 (CR) and € 25 (SK). The costs of pre and post-hospitalization care were € 20 (CR) and € 13 (SK). cOnclusiOns: Although the length of hospitalization in both countries is similar costs seem to be substantially lower in CR, possibly as a result of recently launched DRG system. Common complications and comorbidities account for 30% of average hospital costs.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.