Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) studies how institutions (the rules of the game of a society) determine the performance of a social-economic system. Elinor Ostrom extends the institutional analysis to the collective action for a particular case, the study of the social-ecological systems (SESs) (Ostrom 1990). Any group that attempts to manage a common resource (e.g. aquifers, pastures) for optimal sustainable production must solve a set of problems in order to create institutions to facilitate collective action. Some evidences show that following a set of design principles in creating institutions can lead to overcome these problems. The aim of the paper is to apply the SES framework to an artisanal fishery community in Argentina in order to: 1) describe the principal features, key variables and relations of the small-scale fishery system; 2) detect the principal drivers of a potential common-management and the leading detractors from the current communal performance; and 3) analyze the possibility that a self-governing for sustainable fishery may appear. Several drivers for potential common-management and some detractors from the current common performance are summarized. Artisanal fishery SES is currently at a bifurcation point. A common historical and cultural root, the presence of leaderships, the relevance of local knowledge, the dependence on the resource to sustainable livelihoods and the threat of big-scale fisheries area have generated incentives to collectiveaction. But, simultaneously, internal conflicts are the most important barrier for an integrated community-based management. The heterogeneity among actors and the relevant external conditions have resulted in two groups diverging in their self-organization. The work is framed by the project COMET-LA (COmmunitybased Management of Environmental challenges in Latin America; European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme of Research and Development), which aims to identify sustainable community-based governance for the management of natural resources that can be used in different social-ecological systems in a context of climate change and increasing competition in the use of resources.

ABSTRACT. Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) is a concept critical to managing social-ecological systems but whose implementation needs strengthening. Scenario planning is one approach that may offer benefits relevant to CBNRM but whose potential is not yet well understood. Therefore, we designed, trialed, and evaluated a scenario-planning method intended to support CBNRM in three cases, located in Colombia, Mexico, and Argentina. Implementing scenario planning was judged as worthwhile in all three cases, although aspects of it were challenging to facilitate. The benefits generated were relevant to strengthening CBNRM: encouraging the participation of local people and using their knowledge, enhanced consideration of and adaptation to future change, and supporting the development of systems thinking. Tracing exactly when and how these benefits arose was challenging, but two elements of the method seemed particularly useful. First, using a systematic approach to discuss how drivers of change may affect local social-ecological systems helped to foster systems thinking and identify connections between issues. Second, explicitly focusing on how to use and respond to scenarios helped identify specific practical activities, or "response options," that would support CBNRM despite the pressures of future change. Discussions about response options also highlighted the need for support by other actors, e.g., policy groups: this raised the question of when and how other actors and other sources of knowledge should be involved in scenario planning, so as to encourage their buy-in to actions identified by the process. We suggest that other CBNRM initiatives may benefit from adapting and applying scenario planning. However, these initiatives should be carefully monitored because further research is required to understand how and when scenario-planning methods may produce benefits, as well as their strengths and weaknesses versus other methods.

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Resumen: El estudio del clima urbano es relevante para conocer el ambiente donde habita la mayor parte de la población. Las ciudades presentan sectores que incluyen estructuras edilicias, espacios verdes, suelos al descubierto, tránsito vehicular, necesidades calóricas de la ciudad y diferentes coberturas de sombras. Actualmente, el cambio climático y sus efectos sobre las ciudades son temas de gran interés científico. Son escasas las investigaciones que interpretan los cambios térmicos que se producen en el interior de las ciudades debido a la densificación de los edificios y como consecuencia de la variabilidad climática. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el comportamiento de la Temperatura de Superficie Terrestre (TST) y su relación con las distintas coberturas del suelo en la ciudad de Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Para ello, se analizaron imágenes satelitales Landsat 5 TM y 7 ETM+ con el método monocanal. Además, se realizó un mapa de coberturas del suelo mediante interpretación visual de imágenes satelitales validado por intervención empírica. Posteriormente, se relacionaron los datos de TST con las coberturas del suelo. En el centro de la ciudad, la TST presentó variaciones espaciales heterogéneas según las estaciones del año y las sombras generadas por los edificios. Los mayores valores de TST se localizaron en la periferia (45,1°C) y en urbano muy disperso (46°C) y el menor en el centro de la ciudad (2°C). Las distintas coberturas del suelo generaron menores fluctuaciones de TST en invierno (>5°C) y las mayores en verano (entre 15 y 25°C).Palabras clave: Teledetección, TST, Bahía Blanca, clima urbano, coberturas del suelo. Utilization of satellite images to study the thermal distribution in different soil covers in Bahia Blanca city (Argentina)Abstract: The study of the urban climate is relevant to increase the knowledge about the environment where live most of the world's population. Cities have areas that include buildings, green spaces, un-vegetated soils, transit, among others. Currently, scientists are focusing on the effects of climate change in cities. There is a shortage of studies that analyze the thermal changes that occur in the inner city due to the densification of buildings. For these reasons, the aim of this study was to analyze the spatial distribution of Land Surface Temperature (LST) and its relation with different soil covers in Bahia Blanca city, Argentina. Satellite images from Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM+ were analyzed with singlechannel method. Besides, it was made a soil coverage map through visual interpretation of satellite images and it was validated with field trips. LST data were compared with each soil coverage. In downtown, the LST was heterogeneous and presented spatial variations according to the season and the shadows of the buildings. The maximum values of LST were localized in the periphery (45.1°C) and in urban very sparse (46°C) and the minimum in downtown (2°C). Each soil cover had minor fluctuations in the winter (>5°C) and higher in the summe...

<p>El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar los factores meteorológicos y antrópicos que afectan la dinámica geomorfológica de la playa en zonas urbanizadas y no urbanizadas con el fin de determinar áreas con peligro de erosión. Para ello se estudiaron diversas variables climáticas (datos meteorológicos cada 5 minutos durante 3 años), geomorfológicas (perfiles de playa mensuales durante 3 años) y sociales vinculadas a la costa de Pehuén Co. Con estos datos fue posible desarrollar un patrón de comportamiento y tendencias de la playa. También se pudo diferenciar las causas que provocan erosión y/o sedimentación en cada sector. Además, se obtuvieron conocimientos y herramientas necesarias para diversificar el turismo. Finalmente, se delinearon estrategias para un plan de manejo costero sustentable.</p>

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RESUMEN. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el efecto de los vientos fuertes sobre la erosión y cambios geomorfológicos de la playa de la villa balnearia Pehuén Co (Buenos Aires, Argentina

RESUMENEl objetivo de este estudio fue proponer una manera sencilla de utilizar la información del Reanálisis (NCEP/NCAR) aplicando los métodos de downscaling para estimar la temperatura del aire, la humedad relativa y las precipitaciones en aquellas regiones con escasez de series observadas en superficie. El área de estudio correspondió al sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se aplicaron técnicas estadísticas sobre la información de nueve estaciones meteorológicas y datos estimados con el Reanálisis. En períodos cortos (10 años), el mejor ajuste se presentó para la temperatura del aire, específicamente en otoño y primavera, mientras que la humedad relativa y la precipitación manifestaron algunas diferencias. Por otro lado, en períodos largos (30 años) los datos estimados fueron útiles para realizar un estudio climático ya que se presentó un buen ajuste entre los datos observados en superficie y los del Reanálisis.Palabras clave: Downscaling; Reanálisis (NCEP/NCAR); series observadas en superficie; modelización estadística; sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). DOWNSCALING OF CLIMATIC VARIABLES FROM REANALYSIS NCEP/NCAR IN THE SOUTHWEST OF BUENOS AIRES PROVINCE (ARGENTINA) ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to propose an easy way to use the Reanalysis data, applying statistical downscaling, to estimate air temperature, relative humidity and precipitation in regions with a lack or shortage of meteorological data. The study region was the southwest of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Statistical techniques were applied to in situ and Reanalysis (NCEP/NCAR) numerical model data. In short periods (10 years), the best fits were observed in the air temperature, especially in autumn and spring, while relative humidity and precipitation presented some differences. However, in long periods (30 years) the estimated data is useful for climatic studies due to its good fit between in situ and Reanalysis model data.