Micro-CT evaluation of apical enlargement of molar root canals using rotary or reciprocating heattreated NiTi instruments Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal preparation and apical enlargement of molar root canals with rotary or reciprocating heat-treated nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments, by using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Methodology: Mesial root canals (n=48) of mandibular molars, with a curvature between 20° and 40°, were prepared with ProDesign Logic (PDL) 25.01 and 25.06 in rotary motion, or ProDesign R (PDR) 25.06 in reciprocating motion (PDR). Apical enlargement was performed with PDL35.01 and PDL35.05 or PDR35.05. Scanning with 9 µm resolution was performed before and after preparation, and, after apical enlargement, by using micro-CT. The percentage of volume increase, debris and untouched root canal surface, transportation, centralization and preparation time were analyzed. ANOVA and Tukey or Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn statistical tests were conducted (α=.05). Results: PDL promoted a higher apical percentage of volume increase, and lower percentage of debris and untouched root canal surface than PDR 25.06 preparation in entire canal and in all thirds (P<.05). Apical enlargement with PDL 35.05 and PDR 35.05 produced a higher percentage of volume increase in the apical region in relation to the initial preparation (P<.05). PDR 35.05 and PDL 35.05 showed similar results in relation to percentage of debris and untouched root canal surface in entire canal and in all thirds (P>.05). Centralization and transportation showed no difference (P>.05). PDR required less time to perform preparation and apical enlargement (P<.05). Conclusions: The apical enlargement 35.05 with CM heat-treatment instruments using reciprocating and rotary motion reduced the percentage of debris and untouched root canal surface, without causing deviations or procedural errors. The protocol of greater apical enlargement favors the cleaning of the root canals in both kinematics. Preparation by the reciprocating system was faster than by the rotary system.
A identificação humana é de extrema importância em questões jurídicas e sociais. Vários métodos foram desenvolvidos e aprimorados ao logo dos anos para se estabelecer a identidade individual através da odontologia forense. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar por meio de uma revisão da literatura, técnicas utilizadas pela Odontologia Legal na identificação humana. Para isso foram levantados artigos em sua íntegra sobre as seguintes técnicas de identificação forense utilizadas pela Odontologia Legal: exames radiográficos; estágios de mineralização do dente; seios paranasais; rugoscopia palatina; saliva; marcas de mordida e impressões labiais. Com exceção da técnica que utiliza as marcas de mordida, que serve apenas para casos de exclusão de identificação, todas as demais foram efetivas para a identificação humana, isoladamente ou associadas a outros métodos. Cada técnica tem vantagens, desvantagens, limitações em sua aplicação e indicações específicas que devem ser analisadas de acordo com os casos individualmente e materiais disponíveis para comparação de registros ante mortem e post mortem. Neste contexto, é essencial que o profissional da Odontologia que atua na clínica odontológica, preencha e guarde adequadamente os prontuários dos seus pacientes. Nesta era digital, a guarda de exames por imagem, sejam radiológicos (como radiografias e tomografias computadorizadas) ou não (como fotografias e escaneamentos 3D intraorais) é simples, prática, e de fundamental importância forense.
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