Intra-abdominal or intrascrotal testicular torsion in dogs occurs due to spermatic cord rotation. Dogs with testicular torsion commonly present severe pain and require surgical intervention. Torsion of intra-abdominal retained testicles in cryptorchid adult dogs is often associated with the presence of testicular neoplasia. Herein, we reported the case of a 5-year-old male poodle with uncommon intra-abdominal testicular torsion (ITT) of a non-neoplastic testicle. The dog was referred to the veterinary hospital with acute abdominal pain in the hypogastric region. An intra-abdominal gonad and alterations compatible with testicular torsion were visualized during ultrasound examination. Orchiectomy and histopathological analysis of the testes confirmed the diagnosis of ITT in the absence of neoplasia. The patient recovered uneventfully from the situation. This report showed that ITT can occur in adult dogs in the absence of testicular neoplasia and reinforce the message that it should be included as a differential diagnosis in cases of acute abdominal pain in cryptorchid dogs. Furthermore, the ultrasound examination in this case of pain in the hypogastric region was decisive for the diagnosis of ITT.
To achieve success in stray animals’ population control strategies, alternative methods to surgical castration, which reaches a greater number of animals, have been studied. However, considering females, it is necessary to know adequate volumes of chemosterilizer to be injected into the ovary and biological factors that influence ovarian volumetry. This study aims to determine the volume of 20% calcium chloride solution diluted in 95% ethanol to inject into the ovary of bitches and queens. Furthermore, correlations between ovarian measures (length [L], width [W], height [H], and volume) and body mass, age, and the volume of injected chemosterilizer were analyzed. For this, 64 ovaries, collected after elective ovariohysterectomy, received an injection of the solution. Ovarian measures were performed pre-injection and post-injection, and volume was calculated using Lambert's empirical formula, the formula for an ellipsoid, and the formula for spherical prolate. The mean ± standard error of the chemosterilant volume injected in the ovary was 0.09 ± 0.02 mL for bitches and 0.10 ± 0.02 mL for queens; ovaries’ width obtained a strong correlation with the injected volume; age showed a correlation to chemosterilant volume for both species and ovarian volume of queens; and body mass showed a correlation to ovarian measurements, ovarian volume e injected volume for bitches. Lambert's empirical formula and ellipsoid formula were more reliable for this assessment and respectively demonstrate an increase of 33% and 24% in ovarian volume in bitches post-injection; and 27% and 22% in queens post-injection.
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of bilateral partial rupture of the infraspinatus muscle in a racing greyhound.
Background Different fertility control methods are investigated as a tool for population control of free-roaming animals. Chemical castration using calcium chloride has been widely studied over the years in males, but there are few studies related to its use in females. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the local effects, as a potential chemosterilant, of two concentrations of calcium chloride diluted in 95% ethanol when administered by transcutaneous ultrasound-guided intraovarian injection in rats. In this study, 30 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into three treatment groups, which consisted of transcutaneous ultrasound-guided intraovarian injection of: 0.9% sodium chloride solution (GC); 10% calcium chloride diluted in 95% ethanol (G10); 20% calcium chloride diluted in 95% ethanol (G20). The animals were subdivided into two evaluation times, 15 days (n = 5 of each group) and 30 days (n = 5 of each group) after the intraovarian injection. The ovarian diameter was measured using ultrasound image prior and immediately after the injection and after the treatment period. Furthermore, animals’ clinical evaluation, estrous cycles assessment, macroscopic examination of the abdominal cavity and histological evaluation of the ovaries were performed. Results Ovarian ultrasound measurement revealed changes (p < 0.05) between ovarian diameters before and immediately after the injection in all treatments. Three animals in G20 had a small focal skin lesion at the injection site that evolved to total healing. Extended and abnormal estrous cycles were observed in G10 and G20. At gross examination, adhesions and ovarian cysts were noticed in both groups, G10 and G20. Also, the histopathology analysis revealed changes in ovarian architecture and vessel congestion in G10 and G20, but ovarian tissue damage was greater in the ovaries treated with the highest concentration (G20). Conclusions The results indicate that 20% calcium chloride diluted in 95% ethanol may be a potential agent for inducing sterilization in females and was possible to be minimally invasively delivered.
Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic, zoonotic disease widely spread in several countries. The disease is caused by Leishmania spp., and the dog is the main reservoir of this parasite. Clinical signs in the muscle skeletal system consist of muscle atrophy, weakness, lameness, abnormal locomotion, osteitis, polyarthritis, heat and swelling of the joints, enlarged local lymph nodes and pain. In this note, a case of canine myositis of the lumbar region associated with Leishmania spp. infection is reported. Clinical signs included weakness, fever, mild dehydration, enlarged mandibular, pre-scapular and popliteal lymph nodes and a large palpable soft mass in the lumbar region, semi-adhered and not painful. Serologic diagnosis resulted reagent by indirect immunofluorescence reaction method. Findings of ultrasonography of the lower back are described, revealing the misalignment of muscle fibers, interspersed with anechoic areas compatible with edema. Local fine needle aspiration cytology was crucial for a definitive diagnosis, revealing amastigote forms. In endemic areas of leishmaniasis, clinicians should consider this disease as a differential diagnosis in the presence of musculoskeletal injuries with no apparent cause.
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