Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic, zoonotic disease widely spread in several countries. The disease is caused by Leishmania spp., and the dog is the main reservoir of this parasite. Clinical signs in the muscle skeletal system consist of muscle atrophy, weakness, lameness, abnormal locomotion, osteitis, polyarthritis, heat and swelling of the joints, enlarged local lymph nodes and pain. In this note, a case of canine myositis of the lumbar region associated with Leishmania spp. infection is reported. Clinical signs included weakness, fever, mild dehydration, enlarged mandibular, pre-scapular and popliteal lymph nodes and a large palpable soft mass in the lumbar region, semi-adhered and not painful. Serologic diagnosis resulted reagent by indirect immunofluorescence reaction method. Findings of ultrasonography of the lower back are described, revealing the misalignment of muscle fibers, interspersed with anechoic areas compatible with edema. Local fine needle aspiration cytology was crucial for a definitive diagnosis, revealing amastigote forms. In endemic areas of leishmaniasis, clinicians should consider this disease as a differential diagnosis in the presence of musculoskeletal injuries with no apparent cause.
To achieve success in stray animals’ population control strategies, alternative methods to surgical castration, which reaches a greater number of animals, have been studied. However, considering females, it is necessary to know adequate volumes of chemosterilizer to be injected into the ovary and biological factors that influence ovarian volumetry. This study aims to determine the volume of 20% calcium chloride solution diluted in 95% ethanol to inject into the ovary of bitches and queens. Furthermore, correlations between ovarian measures (length [L], width [W], height [H], and volume) and body mass, age, and the volume of injected chemosterilizer were analyzed. For this, 64 ovaries, collected after elective ovariohysterectomy, received an injection of the solution. Ovarian measures were performed pre-injection and post-injection, and volume was calculated using Lambert's empirical formula, the formula for an ellipsoid, and the formula for spherical prolate. The mean ± standard error of the chemosterilant volume injected in the ovary was 0.09 ± 0.02 mL for bitches and 0.10 ± 0.02 mL for queens; ovaries’ width obtained a strong correlation with the injected volume; age showed a correlation to chemosterilant volume for both species and ovarian volume of queens; and body mass showed a correlation to ovarian measurements, ovarian volume e injected volume for bitches. Lambert's empirical formula and ellipsoid formula were more reliable for this assessment and respectively demonstrate an increase of 33% and 24% in ovarian volume in bitches post-injection; and 27% and 22% in queens post-injection.
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of bilateral partial rupture of the infraspinatus muscle in a racing greyhound.
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