Abstract⎯Impacts of agronomic applications were studied in a field experiment to determine water availability, grain yield, and protein formation interrelations. Three winter wheat varieties and six nitrogen application levels were applied in two consecutive crop years representing different precipitation and temperature patterns to evaluate yield, yield components, and quality manifestation. The research results suggest that precipitation patterns in relation with the wheat development phenophases had profound influence on the grain yield and protein formation of wheat crop. Varietal differences were determined regarding yield and protein values in relation with plant nutrition and crop year impacts. There were no, or minor differences only between varieties, however plant nutrition treatments induced significant differences in both crop years.
Soil organic matter (SOM) is one of the most influential properties regarding soil fertility. Various crop species and varieties, as well as plant nutrition application may have an impact on the amount of soil organic matter. In a small plot field experiments the most characteristic agronomic impacts (biological bases, production sites, plant nutrition and crop year effects) influencing the efficiency of carbon sequestration of two major crop plants: -wheat Triticum aestivum and maize Zea mays have been studied. The aim of the research was to observe, identify and quantify agronomic impacts and their interactions that may have an influence on organic matter formation and so on carbon sequestration. Crop variety and plant nutrition proved to be the most important factors influencing organic matter production. Interactions have been found between crop plant genotypes and N levels applied.
Long term trials have been established in favour of exploring and observing plant and soil interrelations on site. We may determine long term trials as live instruments providing ceteris paribus conditions in temporal sequences. This review is dealing with the introduction to major long term trials in the World and in Hungary. Giving a brief summary on plant nutritional research roots beginning with some data from Homer, and the fabulous initial willow tree experiment of van Helmont, as well as the basic inventions of physiological processes by von Liebig, Lawes and Boussingault. The most profound long term trials like Padova's Orto Botanico, the Linné Garden of Uppsala and the Broadbalk of Rothamsted are presented in the lecture.Agronomic, educational and scientific benefits of the major Hungarian long term trials are also discussed from Westsik 1929 via Maronvásár and the National Plant Nutrition Trials (OMTK) founded in 1963. There is a list of experimental sites giving information on the most important recent long term trial locations and the activities.
Long-term trials are established in order to explore and observe plant and soil interrelationships in situ. Long-term trials can be described as live instruments providing ceteris paribus conditions in temporal sequences. This review provides an introduction to major long-term trials in Hungary and in other parts of the world. It gives a brief summary of the origins of plant nutritional research, beginning with some data from Homer and the willow tree experiment of van Helmont, as well as the discovery of physiological processes by von Liebig, Lawes and Boussingault. The most profound long-term trials, like the Orto Botanico in Padova, the Linné Garden in Uppsala and the Broadbalk in Rothamsted are presented in the paper. The agronomic, educational and scientific benefits of the major Hungarian long-term trials are also discussed, from Westsik (1929) to Martonvásár and the National Plant Nutrition Trials (OMTK) set up in 1963. There is a list of experimental sites giving information on the most important recent long-term trial locations and their activities.
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