Increasing urbanization in the Brazilian Amazon is associated with a significant change in food habits with processed and industrialized products playing an increasingly important role in the diet and contributing to the nutrition transition in the region.

Aiming to investigate the effect of diet and food consumption with regard to health, environment, and economy in light of nutrition ecology, we studied the dimensions of nutrition and food security in urban and rural settings in the region of Chapada dos Veadeiros, Central Brazil. We tracked diet and food consumption through carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in fingernails of these inhabitants together with food intake data as a proxy for their diet patterns. We estimated household food insecurity by using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Nutrition and food insecurity was observed in both urban and rural areas, but was accentuated in rural settings. The diet pattern had high δ(13)C values in fingernails and low δ(15)N. Both urban and rural areas have diets with low diversity and relying on low-quality processed food staples at the same time that nutrition and food insecurity is quite high in the region.

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The combination of household purchase surveys and stable isotopic composition in modern humans is found to be a valuable tool, especially with respect to determining the role of C3 and C4 plants through the complex modern food chain.

ObjectiveThe main objective of this study is to investigate diet patterns among rural and urban populations of the Center‐West, Northeast, and Amazon regions of Brazil through the carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of fingernails, recognizing that the extent of market integration is a key driver of food consumption.Materials and methodsIn the Center‐West, Northeast, and Amazon regions of Brazil, fingernails were sampled in clusters encompassing a major city, town, and rural village. A total of 2,133 fingernails were analyzed. Fingernails were clipped by donors using fingernail clippers. In the laboratory, samples were cleaned then weighed in small tin capsules before being isotopically analyzed for carbon and nitrogen.ResultsThe overall mean δ13C and δ15N were −19.7 ± 2.8‰ and 10.6 ± 1.1‰, respectively. In the more remote villages, where access to food markets is more challenging, lower δ13C prevails, suggesting that Brazilian staple foods (rice, beans, and farinha) still dominate. In areas with easier access to food markets, δ13C values were higher, suggesting a change to a diet based on C4 plants, typical of a Brazilian supermarket diet. The variability among inhabitants in the same location expressed by a significant inverse correlation between δ13C and δ15N fingernail values suggested that “market integration” does not affect everyone equally in each community.Discussion and ConclusionThe nutrition transition has not yet reached some remote villages in these regions of Brazil or that the nutrition transition has not yet reached all residents of these remote villages. On the other hand, in several villages there is a considerable adherence to the supermarket diet or that some residents of these villages are already favoring processed food.

O maior acesso ao meio urbano e ao mundo globalizado pode estar colocando em risco o modo de vida das comunidades tradicionais rurais, gerando impactos consideráveis em seus sistemas agroalimentares. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as consequências do desenvolvimento nos sistemas agroalimentares de comunidades tradicionais devido ao aumento da urbanização, do maior acesso à economia de mercado e políticas públicas, por meio da caracterização dos hábitos alimentares e formas de produção de autoconsumo. O estudo foi conduzido nos remanescentes de quilombo Kalunga -GO, por intermédio da adaptação do método "recordatório alimentar 24 horas" e observação participante, onde foram caracterizadas as condições socioeconômicas e os sistemas agroalimentares locais. A partir disso, foi possível identificar elementos de transição agroalimentar nas comunidades mais acessíveis ao meio urbano, ou seja, mudanças na produção de autoconsumo e hábitos alimentares locais. Em contraposição, em algumas comunidades foi identificado um panorama de resistência do modo de vida tradicional e reorganização por meio de estímulos à produção agroextrativista.Palavras-chave: sistema agroalimentar, uso dos recursos naturais, agroecossistemas tradicionais. Agro-food transition in the traditional rural communities: the case of slaves remnants Kalunga -GOThe greater access to urban and globalized world may be endangering the livelihood of traditional people, generating impacts on food and agro-food system. The objective was to evaluate the consequences on agro-food system of traditional communities due to increased urbanization, income, greater access to the market economy and public policy, through the characterization of food habits and production of auto-consumption.The study was conducted in the remaining slaves Kalunga -GO. Using one adapted "food 24h recall" method andfield participative observations were characterized the local socioeconomic conditions and local agro-food system. From this, was possible to identify elements of agro-food transition on accessible communities, in other words, changes in the wholly system of natural resource use, self-consume production and food habits. In contrast, in Transição agroalimentar em comunidades tradicionais. Silva et al. 592Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, Campinas, 22(1):591-607, 2015.some communities the resistance of traditional way of life and reorganization was identified through incentives for agro-extractive production and other economic activities related to local culture.Key-words: food habits, traditional culture, local people. INTRODUÇÃOOs alimentos carregam consigo significados culturais que dentre todos os aspectos da cultura material talvez seja um dos que mais se encontra subjacente a todo o campo de ação humana [1,2] . Estudos referentes ao tema avaliam a alimentação de comunidades tradicionais a partir de uma série de variáveis de influência nos hábitos alimentares, como a diversidade de itens alimentares disponíveis, a habilidade no manejo e uso dos recursos naturais...

The textile industry is considered a major polluter of the environment using chemical substances such as color fixatives and the production of toxic waste. There is a growing demand in the fashion market for products that are less aggressive to the environment and use of environmentally friendly processes. Considering the use of natural dyes as an alternative to synthetic dyes, and the use of natural mordants as alternatives to metal mordants, this study investigated the use of Acacia mearnsii sawdust as a biomordant for color fixation. Dyeing and color fixing tests were carried out on banana fiber, and the natural dyes of Hibiscus sabdariffa, Allium cepa and Curcuma longa. The results show the efficacy of Acacia as a biomordant for the tested dyes, presenting intense color and fiber softness. Thus, it is intended to contribute with new alternatives to natural dyeing through materials and sustainable processing procedures applied to natural fibers.

Resumo: A diminuição da produção voltada para autoconsumo pode afetar negativamente a segurança alimentar e nutricional (SAN) e soberania alimentar das famílias rurais. Esta temática é relevante na região do Alto Xingu, em Mato Grosso, dada a mudança no uso da terra e a intensificação de fenômenos socioeconômicos como a crescente ocupação da força de trabalho de moradores e moradoras de áreas rurais em atividades não agrícolas. Este estudo objetiva caracterizar a produção de autoconsumo entre assentados rurais do Alto Xingu e relacioná-la com a SAN das famílias. Foram aplicados Recordatórios de 24 horas de consumo alimentar e entrevistas em profundidade em 43 unidades domésticas. Os resultados indicam que a produção para autoconsumo é relevante para a SAN e soberania alimentar dos assentados, principalmente para proteína animal. Contudo, a prática tem se enfraquecido neste contexto de transformações. Frente às pressões do entorno, identificou-se uma “ordem de desarticulação” das produções para autoconsumo, com destaque para a vulnerabilidade do cultivo de hortaliças e resistência da produção de frango e de árvores frutíferas. Por fim, o estudo destaca que a diminuição da produção para autoconsumo afeta, principalmente, a soberania alimentar e reprodução social das famílias, reforçando o processo de transformação socioeconômica em curso no meio rural.