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In this study, non‐targeted 1H NMR fingerprinting was used in combination with multivariate statistical analyses for the classification of Greek currants based on their geographical origins (Aeghion, Nemea, Kalamata, Zante, and Amaliada). As classification techniques, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS‐DA) were carried out. To elucidate different components according to PDO (Protected Designation of Origin), products from Aeghion (Vostizza) were statistically compared with each one of the four other regions. PLS‐DA plots ensure that currants from Kalamata, Nemea, Zante, and Amaliada are well classified with respect to the PDO currants, according to differences observed in metabolites. Results suggest that composition differences in carbohydrates, amino, and organic acids of currants are sufficient to discriminate them in correlation to their geographical origin. In conclusion, currants metabolites which mostly contribute to classification performance of such discriminant analysis model present a suitable alternative technique for currants traceability. The study results contribute information to the currants’ metabolite fingerprinting by NMR spectroscopy and their geographical origin. Practical Application This study presents an analytical approach for a high nutritional value Greek PDO product, Vostizza currant. A further research and implementation of this method in food industry, can be the key to food fraud incidents. Thus, application of this work opens up posibilities to “farm to table” mission.

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Background: Food traceability and authentication had become mandatory for food industry and global food trade. Numerous DNA-based methods could contribute against food frauds, because of their advantages such as simplicity, accuracy, and robustness.The aim of this study was to explore whether unique biological markers for two high valuable and popular Greek protected designation of origin (PDO) products could be indicated. For this purpose, "Avgotaracho Mesolonghiou" known as Greek caviar and "Vostizza" currant were subjected to DNA-based analysis. PCR-RAPD, PCR-RFLP, and PCR-DGGE were performed for Greek PDO products and potential biological markers were explored, based on either genomic DNA or bacteria communities.Results: Band profiles resulted in molecular techniques, could be used as a "barcode" to certify the origin and authenticity of PDO products. Conclusion:These methods are proposed, as alternative traceability tools, in order to provide unique markers and could be the key to "farm to table" challenge. Therefore, biological markers could be used throughout the entire commercial supply chain and protect food products, which hold a quality scheme, from adulterations.

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Numerous pathogens are transmitted via food and according to recent surveys, there are millions of incidents recorded in Europe in the last decade. More specific, foodborne pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses can be detected in different stages of production or distribution of a food product. Examples of predominant symptoms caused by these foodborne pathogens are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, fever, headache, cough etc. Therefore, it is essential need to detect, manage, and prevent of foodborne pathogens “from farm to fork” regarding consumers health risks. Europe has established and suggested management systems in food industry that control hazards in food products. However, outbreak incidents by foodborne pathogens existing until now. By using PRISMA guideline, we searched for the most recent publications referring microbiological risk assessments from online databases Scopus, PubMed and Science Direct. From 505 articles initially captured, data was extracted from 84 studies regarding microbiological risk factors in terms of food quality and safety, that are evidenced in European studies. Moreover, information about country of origin, food type, production phase and technology used for detection of pathogens, are also presented. Our results indicated that quality systems should be further developed to control all possible routes of contamination in the supply chain. This work provided information to managers in food industry and scientists for further research regarding microbiological risk assessments. Implementation of effective risk management systems in food industry could contribute to identify and eliminate potential risks and thus, consumer’s health and food quality could be reassured. Therefore, our findings could provide managers in food industry either to build up more effective management systems or even help scientists to better understand ecology of pathogens regarding food matrix and environmental conditions. Key messages • Risk analysis of biological hazards in food industry could prevent foodborne diseases. • Risk analysis of foodborne pathogens is important for public health.