Potential biological markers by DNA‐based tools for determination of Greek PDO geographical origin and authenticity: “Avgotaracho Mesolonghiou” and “Vostizza currant”

Abstract

Background: Food traceability and authentication had become mandatory for food industry and global food trade. Numerous DNA-based methods could contribute against food frauds, because of their advantages such as simplicity, accuracy, and robustness.The aim of this study was to explore whether unique biological markers for two high valuable and popular Greek protected designation of origin (PDO) products could be indicated. For this purpose, "Avgotaracho Mesolonghiou" known as Greek caviar and "Vostizza" currant were subjected to DNA-based analysis. PCR-RAPD, PCR-RFLP, and PCR-DGGE were performed for Greek PDO products and potential biological markers were explored, based on either genomic DNA or bacteria communities.Results: Band profiles resulted in molecular techniques, could be used as a "barcode" to certify the origin and authenticity of PDO products. Conclusion:These methods are proposed, as alternative traceability tools, in order to provide unique markers and could be the key to "farm to table" challenge. Therefore, biological markers could be used throughout the entire commercial supply chain and protect food products, which hold a quality scheme, from adulterations.

Hot-Spot Analysis and Scenario-Driven Life Cycle Assessment of Authenticated Greek PDO “Avgotaracho Mesolongiou”

“…The production of Avgotaracho Mesolongiou requires only locally sourced materials and natural means [55]. These attribute unique characteristics as depicted from isotopic-and DNA-based analyses and distinguish it from other bottarga [56][57][58] depicted in the high-resolution melting (HRM) technique [59]. Existing LCAs focus on extensive and/or intensive aquaculture techniques and fishery capture of wild fish.…”

Application of Stable Isotope Analysis for Detecting the Geographical Origin of the Greek Currants “Vostizza”: A Preliminary Study

“…Various analytical techniques, including chromatographic techniques, such as gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [ 5 ] or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [ 6 ], nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [ 7 ], ultra-violet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) [ 8 ], near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) [ 9 ], inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [ 10 ], DNA-based techniques [ 11 ], and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), have been proposed for the accurate determination of food geographical origin [ 12 ]. The most widely used technique for information about geographical origin is isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), which has been used to determine the geographical origin of various agricultural products [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

“…Perini et al [ 36 ] used isotope-ratio mass spectrometry to verify the authentication of berries (strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, blackberries, and currants) collected from different countries. Dimitrakopoulou et al [ 7 ] used the 1 H-NMR non-targeted fingerprinting method for the differentiation of “Vostizza” currants from currants of other geographical origins (Zante, Kalamata, Nemea, and Amaliada), while Dimitrakopoulou et al [ 11 ] discriminated “Vostizza” currants by using DNA-based methods.…”