No abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of germination on the content of protein, lipids, fiber, ashes, tryptophan, vitamin C, total phenolic and total flavonoid compounds, as well as on the protein digestibility and antioxidant activity of chia seeds germinated for 1, 2, 3, and 4 days. The results showed that germination for 2 days augmented the protein content of chia seeds by 13% while fiber, tryptophan, total phenolic and flavonoid contents increased by 46%, 93%, 300%, and 197%, respectively, after 4 days of germination. Vitamin C was not detected in dry seeds but increased up to 2.33 mg/100 g at fourth day of germination. The antioxidant capacity increased approximately 100% but protein digestibility decreased by 14% at day 4 of germination. Germination can be a good method to increase the nutritional and nutraceutical potential of chia seed for its use in the design of functional foods.

ResumenSe ha estudiado la vida de anaquel de mantecadas bajas en grasa y se ha comparado los resultados con los obtenidos para mantecadas con contenido completo de grasa (testigo). Las mantecadas bajas en grasa y las testigo se almacenaron bajo tres condiciones: sin material de empaque, en caja de poliestireno y en bolsa de polipropileno, durante un período de 168 horas, bajo las mismas condiciones de temperatura y de humedad relativa (T amb = 23º C, HR = 46%). Las variables evaluadas fueron: el peso, el contenido de humedad y el volumen y se obtuvo las curvas de cinética para cada unas de las variables de respuesta. El producto se mantuvo fresco durante 24 h sin material de empaque, 96 h en cajas de poliestireno y 168 h en bolsas de polipropileno, estos resultados fueron corroborados a través de las curvas de cinética obtenidas. La vida de anaquel de las mantecadas empacadas bajas en grasa resultó igual a las de las mantecadas testigo, bajo las mismas condiciones de almacenamiento. Palabras clave: mantecadas, imitadores de grasa, vida de anaquel, poliestireno, polipropileno Kinetics of the Physical Characteristics of Low Fat Muffins Stored in two types of Packing Material during its Shelf Life AbstractThe storage life of low fat muffins have been studied and results compared to those obtained for whole muffins, with total fat content (standard). The low fat muffins and the standard ones were stored under three conditions: without packing materials, in polystyrene boxes, and in polypropylene bags at the same temperature and relative humidity (T amb = 23ºC, HR = 46%). The following response variables were evaluated during the storage period: weight, water content and volume of the muffins and the kinetics of such variables was evaluated. Results showed that muffins maintained their freshness during 24 hours without packing material, 96 h in polystyrene boxes and 168 h in polypropylene bags. These results were also observed by the kinetic curves of the response variables. The storage live of the muffins with low and standard fat content were the same under the same storage conditions and packing material.

As part of our screening of antioxidant extracts from spices and food plants, the antioxidant activity of the EtHO extract of the flowers of aerial parts of Sedum praealtum was tested. Since the extract showed significant activity, a bioassay-directed fractionation of it was carried out. This investigation resulted in the isolation of kaempferol and quercetin as the principle responsible for the antioxidant activity. The antioxidant ability was quantified using the Fogliano method, which is known as DMPD. Flavonols which were characterized by NMR. This similar antioxidant effect has been obtained on some fruits studied by different authors using this same method.

Chia seeds have a high content of omega 3, 6, and 9 fatty acids, so their consumption has become popular, often added to products subjected to heat treatments. This chapter evaluated the effect of temperature and time on the physicochemical properties and fatty acid composition of chia seed oil. The seeds, either whole or ground, were subjected to several treatments using a full factorial experimental design 32 where the factors were: the temperature (150, 187, and 225 °C) and treatment time (10, 25 and 40 min), while the studied responses were: iodine, acid, peroxide, and saponification values, Kreis test, and the content of omega 3, 6, and 9, the latter evaluated by gas chromatography. The use of moderate temperatures and short baking times is recommended (150 to 155 °C, less than 14 min) to avoid the loss in essential fatty acids and thus preserve the nutritional value of chia added in functional foods.