RESUMO Dentre os fatores que influenciam o aparecimento de alterações auditivas pode-se citar o tabagismo, já que estudos revelam que o uso do tabaco pode causar um efeito ototóxico na audição. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as produções científicas sobre o efeito do cigarro no sistema auditivo. A metodologia constou de levantamento dos periódicos indexados nas bases de dados, e foram incluídos na revisão de literatura os artigos científicos nacionais e internacionais, publicados em língua portuguesa ou inglesa, entre os anos de 2009 a 2016. Posteriormente a seleção e análise dos artigos na íntegra, foram classificados de acordo com a sua natureza, caracterizando-os em cinco categorias: base de dados, título do artigo científico, autor, ano e país da publicação. Em seguida, foram analisados os critérios utilizados pelos autores dos respectivos artigos, levando em consideração a amostra populacional, a faixa etária e o sexo. Por fim, foram feitas as análises dos exames auditivos utilizados em fumantes e os critérios de exclusão de cada estudo. Assim, por meio dos estudos publicados conclui-se que o uso do tabaco influencia no aparecimento de perda auditiva, prejudicando principalmente os limiares auditivos das altas frequências e inclusive a transmissão neural da informação auditiva.

This study aimed to assess the central auditory functions of endemic disease control agents. This cross-sectional cohort study comprised two groups: the exposed group, with 38 male endemic disease control agents with simultaneous occupational noise and pesticide exposure; and the control group, with 18 age- and sex-matched workers without occupational noise and/or pesticide exposure. All participants underwent pure-tone audiometry, brainstem auditory evoked potentials, dichotic digits test, and transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions suppression effect. There was a significant inter-group difference in waves III and V absolute latencies, and interpeak I–III and I–V latencies bilaterally, with worse results found in the exposed group. Abnormal dichotic digits test results occurred more often in the exposed group, with a significant association between pesticide- and noise-exposure and the abnormal results (p = 0.0099). The transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions with suppression effect did not yield significant inter-group differences. It was concluded that pesticide and noise exposure induce harmful effects on the central auditory functions, particularly on the brainstem and figure-ground speech-sound auditory skills.

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Head injuries due to traffic accidents, falls, gunshots and blows in sports fights, among others, with or without a skull or petrosal fractures, can lead to a Traumatic Labyrinth Concussion (TLC), defined as a disorder of the peripheral vestibular system comprising vestibular, auditory and neurovegetative signs and symptoms, which can persist for weeks or months after a traumatic injury. It is often accompanied by central nervous system (CNS) concussion, manifested by objective symptoms such as tachycardia, headache, thermoregulatory instability and mydriasis; and subjective complaints such as emotional disorders, memory loss, visual disorders, insomnia, hyper-emotivity and behaviour disorders. Otoneurologic examination is relevant in the identification and topographic diagnosis of vestibular disorders This chapter will verse on symptoms, audiometric and vestibular findings in TLC, as well as rehabilitation perspectives.

The current study aimed to assess the effect of the concomitant exposure to noise and pesticides on the auditory and vestibular systems of endemic disease combat agents. The sample comprised 58 participants, males, divided into two groups. The exposed group (EG) comprised 40 agents, adults, exposed to the noise and pesticides. The control group (CG) comprised 18 participants, without exposure, paired according to age range and gender. The participants from both groups underwent conventional pure-tone audiometry and high-frequency audiometry, evoked otoacoustic emissions and suppression of the emissions, immittance testing, brainstem evoked response audiometry, and dichotic digits test. The vestibular assessment was only carried out in the experimental group. Results showed no difference between the groups in the findings of the pure-tone audiometry and suppression effect of the evoked otoacoustic emissions. Difference was evidenced between the groups in the acoustic reflex testing, the tympanometry, the brainstem evoked response audiometry, and the dichotic digits test, with worse results among the EG. In the vestibular assessment, there was the prevalence of altered tests among EG in 36.4% of the cases, more evidence for the peripheral vestibular dysfunction. In conclusion, noise and pesticide exposure impaired the auditory and vestibular systems of endemic disease control agents.

RESUMOO objetivo do estudo foi detectar possível alteração do processamento auditivo em escolares do 6° e 7° ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo. Participaram 32 crianças, de ambos os sexos, entre a faixa etária de 10 a 13 anos. Os procedimentos para a coleta dos dados deram-se pela aplicação de um questionário estruturado, inspeção do canal auditivo externo e avaliação simplificada do processamento auditivo. Os resultados revelaram que a maioria (68,75%) possuía pelo menos uma queixa relacionada à audição, fala e linguagem, entretanto, 75% das crianças passou nos testes da avaliação simplificada do processamento auditivo. Mediante aos resultados é possível concluir que das crianças que apresentaram queixas relacionadas à audição, fala e linguagem, a maioria (77,27%) passou nos testes simplificados do processamento auditivo, visto que ao comparar a ocorrência de crianças sem queixas não houve relação significante.

The aim of the present study was to measure the sound pressure levels generated in a restaurant kitchen located in the countryside of São Paulo - SP. This is a field study whose measurements were made in the internal spaces of a restaurant kitchen and in four cardinal points and a center one, before, during and after customer service. The material used comprised in a Minipa decibel meter. The results revealed a statistical difference between the sound pressure levels measured before and during customer service, and during, the levels were higher. It is possible to conclude that the sound pressure levels obtained are above the allowed by ABNT-NBR 10.152 rule. Noise control measures are necessary, in order to provide better acoustic comfort to workers.