BackgroundAnterior open bite AOB is the most common malocclusion associated with speech disorders and the literature has shown that problems of occlusion involve all oral functions. AOB not only produce aesthetic and occlusal problems for the patient and modifies the union of the lips, tongue, teeth, palate, palatal rugae and oropharynx, and thus affecting the ability to communicate well with their surroundings.The prevalence of AOB in children and adolescent in our population is unknown. Furthermore, the most frequent type of dyslalias in children with this malocclusion is also unknown. Therefore, the aim of the study was to describe the frequency and types of dyslalia in students between 8-16 years with AOB, as well as the difference in the types of dyslalia according to the magnitude of AOB.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted. Clinical assessment of AOB in students from the municipality of Envigado, Colombia, was performed. Students from 8 to16 years of age were examined during the second semester of 2011 and first semester of 2012. Phonoaudiological assessment was carried out in students in the mixed or permanent dentition. Exclusion criteria included children with history of systemic disease, altered skeletal development, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and residents in other departments. In addition, students undergoing orthodontic treatment at the time of evaluation or with history of previous orthodontic treatment, as well as those who did not cooperate with the oral cavity evaluation, were excluded.ResultsSix thousand one hundred sixty five children were evaluated. One hundred sixty six presented AOB (prevalence: 2.7 %; 95 % CI: 2.28–3.10). Thirty four students were excluded. 26.5 % of the sample presented mild AOB, 66.7 % moderate, and 6.8 % severe. Some type of dyslalia was found in 77.4 % of the students, being distortion (75.8 %) the most common. The most frequently altered phonemes were: / d / t / s / ch / ñ /. No significant association between different types of dyslalia and AOB severity (p-value = 0.974) was found.ConclusionPrevalence of AOB in Envigado is low (2.7 %). Phonation alterations are very common in children with AOB (77.8 %), and distortion is the most frequent type of dyslalia (75.8 %). In order to diagnose and treat occlusal and phonetic problems, and to avoid possible recurrence, interdisciplinary approach is recommended.
Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la evolución del tratamiento ortodóncico/ortopédico en dentición mixta con el sistema trainer .Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura encargada de recopilar información sobre, la evolución del tratamiento ortodóncico/ortopédico en dentición mixta con el sistema trainer para lo cual, se efectuó una búsqueda electrónica en diversas bases de datos como PubMed, Taylor and Francis, Pesquisa, Web of Science, Proquest, Scopus, Dialnet, Google Académico, Researchgate y Ovid, aplicando los filtros de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: Se realizó un primer cribado dejando 82 artículos; luego de esta selección, se eliminó la bibliografía duplicada, quedando 46 artículos, posteriormente, se verificaron todos los registros y se excluyeron 30 estudios que no cumplieron con los criterios de selección, lo que resultó en 16 artículos adecuados para esta revisión de literatura. Conclusiones: Se emplearon diversos aparatos ortopédicos para la corrección de la maloclusión en pacientes pediátricos con el fin de encontrar nuevas formas para el tratamiento, planificación e intervención, por lo tanto, conocer cada uno de ellos facilitaría su aplicación con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad que se efectúa el tratamiento, los mismos que son posibles con aparatos prefabricados adecuados para cada paciente.
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