A survey of Mexico-based sheep hauliers was conducted in order to investigate perceptions and attitudes toward farm animal welfare (FAW) and their influence on operational and logistic practices (OLPs) in sheep transportation. The statistical analysis consisted in the application of 2-factor analyses (OLP and animal welfare attitudes), additionally a cluster analysis; the latter allowed a segmentation of hauliers according to their attitudes and OLP. The factor analysis gave 3 OLP factors: logistic issues, economic losses, and welfare losses. In the case of factor analyses about animal welfare attitudes, we obtained 4 factors: training and regulations, animal needs, welfare improvement, and sensibility. The cluster analysis of this study showed the existence of 3 haulier profiles; these were "efficient and concerned," "efficient and not concerned," and "not efficient and concerned." Our results showed that hauliers' perceptions had a clear influence on the performance of their operative and logistic activities during the sheep transportation. This study highlights the individual hauliers' risk factors which can be considered to improve not only animal welfare but also indicates the need to consider the transportation as a whole because of potential factor combinations and confusions. The attitudes of sheep hauliers toward FAW are a strategic component that requires being considered when hauliers are trained. If it can be shown that modifying hauliers' attitudes leads to improved OLP, then there is an opportunity to develop specific training programs to modify certain haulier's animal welfare attitudes, with a subsequent improvement of sheep welfare.

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RESUMENSe evaluaron las características químicas y sensoriales de la carne de cerdos alimentados con Ractopamina (RAC) a 5 ppm (Paylean ® , Elanco, México) y diferentes concentraciones de lisina digestible ileal estandarizada (lys-dig), en dietas con 3.3 Mcal EM/ kg y 14.5 % de proteína cruda, lo que representa un contenido de proteína de 10 % inferior al mínimo recomendado por el laboratorio y la literatura. Se utilizaron 48 cerdos (peso corporal inicial 77.2±3.42 y final 110.0±3.0 kg) que fueron asignados a uno de cuatro tratamientos: C) Dieta de finalización Control (lys-dig 0.65%); RAL) alta en Lisina con RAC (lys-dig 1%); RNL) Niveles normales de lisina con RAC (lis-dig 0.80%); RBL) Baja en lisina con RAC (lis-dig 0.50%). Después de 28 días en sus respectivas dietas, los animales se sacrificaron y procesaron. De cada animal, se recolectaron cuatro chuletas (2.5 cm de grosor) y se determinó grasa intramuscular y evaluación sensorial. Los resultados indican que con la adición de RAC, en dietas con 14.5 % de proteína, se aumenta (P<0.01) la grasa intramuscular en 25 %. Un incremento mayor (hasta el 50 %) en grasa intramuscular se obtuvo con dietas con RAC y una baja concentración de lisina (0.5% lys-dig). El panel de consumidores no detectó diferencias en aroma, sabor y textura (P>0.17), pero sí detectó una mayor jugosidad de carne de cerdo (P<0.02) de animales que consumieron la dieta RBL. Es factible mejorar la calidad de la carne de cerdo mediante el uso de RAC y dietas bajas en proteína y lisina. PALABRAS CLAVE 428María Antonia Mariezcurrena-Berasain, et al. / Rev Mex Cienc Pecu 2012;3(4):427-437 INTRODUCCIÓNUna alternativa para aumentar la competitividad, es la obtención de productos diferenciados. En la carne de cerdo, la grasa intramuscular (GIM) puede ser un factor de diferenciación de producto a nivel comercial (1) que influye positivamente en la suavidad (2) , el aroma y la jugosidad (3,4) , así como en la aceptación general de la carne (4,5) .Además de la genética (6) , otra forma de incrementar el contenido de GIM en la carne de cerdo es mediante el suministro de dietas deficientes en proteína durante la fase final de la engorda (7,8) , especialmente cuando la concentración de lisina es baja (9,10) . Sin embargo, estas dietas reducen la eficiencia alimenticia y la tasa de crecimiento (11) .El clorhidrato de ractopamina (RAC, Paylean ® , Elanco una división de Eli Lilly Co., México) es una fenatolamina con actividad agonista -adrenérgica usada como promotor del crecimiento, que mejora la eficiencia alimenticia y el rendimiento de la canal (12,13) . Smith (14) sugiere que la RAC promueve que los nutrientes sean orientados más enfáticamente a la síntesis de proteína muscular, además de que reduce la tasa de degradación de proteínas, lo que acaba promoviendo la hipertrofia muscular (15) .El laboratorio que produce la RAC en forma comercial, así como diversos estudios (16,17) , recomiendan su uso con dietas que contengan un mínimo de 16 % de proteína cruda (PC) para alcanzar la concentración adec...

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Supplementation of Selenium (Se) can improve the oxidative stability of meat products and retard metmyoglobin formation; so prolonging color. Effect of organic Se addition in the diets of sheep on meat stability; color and pH are limited and need to be studied. A study was conducted with eighteen Pelibuey female sheep at the finishing stage, and supplemented with organic Se-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae for sixty days to evaluate its effect on color and pH of Longissimus dorsi muscle. The research was conducted in a block randomized design considering three treatments; control (Se0) without the addition of yeast, or with 0.35 ppm of yeast (Se34) or with 0.60 ppm (Se59). Sheep were slaughtered at an average weight of 39.5 ± 4.41 kg. Meat color and pH were recorder in the cold carcass, 24 h after slaughtering, and during shelf life at 0, 4, 6 and 8 days after slaughtering under refrigeration at 4 °C. No significant differences were observed (P>0.05) for meat color and pH characteristics due to treatment. Decreased redness (a*) and Chroma (C*) values due to storage time were observed; however, the yellowness (b*) and angle Hue were increased. It could be concluded that supplementation of Seenriched yeast in finishing sheep with 0.35 ppm and 0.60 ppm has no effect on meat color and pH characteristics.