In Brazil, some see intensive, large-scale production of sugarcane-based ethanol, based on a model of capital and land concentration, as a threat to the survival of family farming. Family farmers are increasingly under pressure to sell or rent land to mills where sugarcane monoculture is expanding. In this context, the government is working to formulate or change public policies in order to support farmer livelihoods in sugarcane growing regions. The present study is based on research conducted in the municipality of Ipiranga de Goiás, Goiás State, Brazil. It employs the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, with participation of stakeholders at federal, state and municipal levels, to support public policy decision-making addressing family farming. The stakeholders prioritize environmental and economic benefits as the most important criteria requiring the attention of policy makers. Also, stakeholders agree that diversification of production is the most appropriate alternative for strengthening family farming. The AHP approach can be the starting point in the formulation of public policies. The approach helps ensure transparency, and it purposefully includes family farmer points of view. Policies derived from this process, therefore, may have a higher likelihood of being supported and accepted by farmers.Keywords: Analytic hierarchy process, Decision-making, Multiple stakeholders, Family farming, Sugarcane. Highlights-We assess policy priorities of family farmers in an area of sugarcane expansion.-We use the analytic hierarchy process with participation of multiple stakeholders.-A case study presents a practical application of the method.-Public policies addressing family farming should focus on diversification of production.-Sensitivity analysis demonstrates robustness of results.
ABSTRACT:In Brazil, the State of Goiás is one of sugarcane expansion's frontiers to meet the growing demand for biofuels. The objective of this study was to identify the municipalities where there were replacement of annual crops (mainly grains) by sugarcane in the state of Goiás, as well as indicate correlations between the sugarcane expansion and the family farming production, in the period between 2005 and 2010. For this purpose, grains crop mask and sugarcane crop mask, obtained from satellite images, were intersected using geoprocessing techniques. It was also used IBGE data of sugarcane production and planted area, and data of family farming production linked with the National Food Acquisition Program (PAA), in relation to the number of cooperatives and family farmers. The crops masks and data tables of the National Food Acquisition Program were provided by National Food Supply Agency. There were 95 municipalities that had crops replacement, totaling 281,554 hectares of grains converted to sugarcane. We highlight the municipalities of Santa Isabel, Iaciara, Maurilândia, and Itapaci, where this change represented more than half of their agricultural areas. In relation to family farming, the sugarcane expansion in the state of Goiás has not affected their activities during the period studied.
No Brasil, o Estado do Amazonas é um dos mais afetados pela pandemia de COVID-19, doença infecciosa causada pelo novo coronavírus (SARS-Cov-2). Neste Estado, o primeiro caso de COVID-19 foi notificado no dia 13 de março de 2020, na capital Manaus, importado de país europeu. Desde então, o vírus se propagou rapidamente e em meados de julho todos os 62 municípios amazonenses já haviam confirmado casos da doença. Além das pessoas do grupo de risco, os indígenas são apontados como uma das populações mais vulneráveis a essa doença, tanto por sua vivência de base coletiva quanto pelo déficit na garantia de direitos fundamentais como a saúde e o respeito ao território (STEVANIM, 2020). A desigualdade socioeconômica presente no Estado é apontada como fator determinante na capacidade de prevenção e de acesso a serviços de saúde pela população, refletindo nos elevados índices de casos e óbitos pela COVID-19 no Amazonas.Diante da pandemia, as tecnologias geoespaciais têm se mostrado ferramentas indispensáveis para a visualização dos dados, previsão e construção de cenários e controle do contágio (RODRIGUES, 2020). Cada vez mais são feitos estudos sobre os padrões de distribuição geográfica das doenças e suas relações com indicadores e/ou variáveis ambientais, sociais e econômicas, constituindo-se em um campo de aplicação e desenvolvimento de novos métodos de análise viabilizados pela crescente disponibilidade de técnicas e recursos eletrônicos e pelos Sistemas de Informações Geográficas com base na cartografia digital (BRASIL, 2007).Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral deste estudo é elaborar mapas temáticos sobre a difusão espaço-temporal da COVID-19 e analisar sua correlação com as características demográficas e socioeconômicas do Estado do Amazonas. DESENVOLVIMENTOPara o desenvolvimento do estudo, foi organizado um banco de dados georreferenciados, composto por: base cartográfica com arquivos vetoriais dos limites territoriais estaduais e municipais, hidrovias e rodovias, disponibilizados pelo IBGE -
CAMPINAS 2016I would like to offer my gratitude to my advisor Prof. Jansle and my co-advisor Profa. Julieta.Many thanks for guiding my steps and sharing their knowledge during this time. A special acknowledgment to Prof. Chris Brown, my advisor at the University of Kansas, who is a role model of Geographer, teacher, and researcher.I would also like to acknowledge the funding that supported my research and fieldwork:
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