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1 Endothelial dysfunction has been described with ageing but the mechanisms responsible have not been clearly elucidated and might be di erent from one vessel to the other. This study assesses the relative contribution of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX) metabolites in relaxation to acetylcholine with ageing in the aorta and the small mesenteric artery of the rat. 2 In the aorta and branch II or III of superior mesenteric artery (SMA), endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine was not di erent between 12 ± 14 (adult) and 32-week-old rats whereas it was reduced at 70 ± 100 (old) weeks of age. 3 Despite an increased endothelial NO-synthase protein expression, the NO-synthase inhibitor, N G -nitro-L-arginine-sensitive component of relaxation decreased with ageing. 4 In old rats, exposure to the COX inhibitor, indomethacin, but not the selective COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398, potentiated response to acetylcholine. The thromboxane A 2 /prostaglandin H 2 receptor antagonist, GR 32191B enhanced relaxation to acetylcholine in aorta but it had no e ect in SMA. Furthermore, acetylcholine increased thromboxane B 2 production (enzymeimmunoassay) in aorta but not in SMA. Finally, Western blot analysis showed enhanced expression of COX-1 and 2 in the two arteries with ageing. 5 These results suggest that the decrease in acetylcholine-induced relaxation with ageing involves reduced NO-mediated dilatation and increased generation of vasoconstrictor prostanoids most likely from COX-1. They also point out vascular bed heterogeneity related to the nature of prostanoids involved between the aorta (i.e., thromboxane A 2 ) and the SMA (unidenti®ed) arteries even though increased expression of COX occurs in both vessels.

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Chronic intake of diets rich in pomace olive oil improves endothelial dysfunction in SHR aorta by mechanisms associated with enhanced eNOS expression. Important evidence is provided regarding the effects of pomace olive oil and OA on endothelial function in hypertensive animals.

Simvastatin promotes intracellular antioxidant systems, fundamentally SOD, restoring endothelial function but not having any effect on blood pressure.

These findings evidence the nutraceutical properties of RBEE against the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome by attenuating dyslipidemia, hypertension and insulin resistance as well as by restoring hypoadiponectinemia associated to obesity.