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For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment-visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS.For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://store.usgs.gov/.Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. v Appendix tables 2-1 through 2-11 are available for download from https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165140. 2-1. General characteristics of the unregulated streamflow-gaging stations in the Wisconsin flood-frequency network 2-2. Discharges for the 50-percent annual exceedance probability floods for streamflow-gaging stations in the Wisconsin flood-frequency network 2-3. Discharges for the 20-percent annual exceedance probability floods for streamflow-gaging stations in the Wisconsin flood-frequency network 2-4. Discharges for the 10-percent annual exceedance probability floods for streamflow-gaging stations in the Wisconsin flood-frequency network 2-5. Discharges for the 4-percent annual exceedance probability floods for streamflow-gaging stations in the Wisconsin flood-frequency network 2-6. Discharges for the 2-percent annual exceedance probability floods for streamflow-gaging stations in the Wisconsin flood-frequency network 2-7. Discharges for the 1-percent annual exceedance probability floods for streamflow-gaging stations in the Wisconsin flood-frequency network 2-8. Discharges for the 0.5-percent annual exceedance probability floods for streamflow-gaging stations in the Wisconsin flood-frequency network 2-9. Discharges for the 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability floods for streamflow-gaging stations in the Wisconsin flood-frequency network 2-10. Discharges for selected p-percent annual exceedance probability floods and Water Resources Council estimated statistics for regulated streamflowgaging stations in the Wisconsin flood-frequency network 2-11. Drainage-basin characteristics for rural streamflow-gaging stations in Wisconsin Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum. Supplemental InformationWater year is the 12-month period October 1 through September 30, designated by the calendar year in which the water year ends. Flood-Frequency Characteristics of Wisconsin StreamsBy John F. Walker, Marie C. Peppler, Mari E. Danz, and Laura E. Hubbard AbstractFlood-frequency characteristics for 360 gaged sites on unregulated rural streams in Wisconsin are presented for percent annual exceedance probabilities ranging from 0.2 to 50 using a statewide skewness map developed for this report. Equations of the relations between...

Permeable pavement has the potential to be an effective tool in managing stormwater runoff through retention of sediment and other contaminants associated with urban development. The infiltration capacity of permeable pavement declines as more sediment is captured, thereby reducing its ability to treat runoff. Regular restorative maintenance practices can alleviate this issue and prolong the useful life and benefits of the system. Maintenance practices used to restore the infiltration capacity of permeable pavement were evaluated on three surfaces: Permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP), pervious concrete (PC), and porous asphalt (PA). Each of the three test plots received a similar volume of runoff and sediment load from an adjacent, impervious asphalt parking lot. Six different maintenance practices were evaluated over a four-year period: Hand-held pressure washer and vacuum, leaf blower and push broom, vacuum-assisted street cleaner, manual disturbance of PICP aggregate, pressure washing and vacuuming, and compressed air and vacuuming. Of the six practices tested, five were completed on PICP, four on PC, and two on PA. Nearly all forms of maintenance resulted in increased average surface infiltration rates. Increases ranged from 94% to 1703% for PICP, 5% to 169% for PC, and 16% to 40% for PA. Disruption of the aggregate between the joints of PICP, whether by simple hand tools or sophisticated machinery, resulted in significant (p ≤ 0.05) gains in infiltration capacity. Sediment penetrated into the solid matrix of the PC and PA, making maintenance practices using a high-pressure wash followed by high-suction vacuum the most effective for these permeable pavement types. In all instances, when the same maintenance practice was done on multiple surfaces, PICP showed the greatest recovery in infiltration capacity.