Characterization of suspended solids and total phosphorus loadings from small watersheds in Wisconsin

Danz, Mari E.; Corsi, Steven R.; Graczyk, David J.; Bannerman, Roger T.

doi:10.3133/sir20105039

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This result is likely influenced by several factors including: prevalence of viruses in the bovine herd population, greater virus survival in cooler winter temperatures, ice cover, shorter photoperiod, winter manure spreading, and increased soil-moisture content, which enhances the efficiency of hydrologic pathways from sources to receiving streams (Bosch et al, 2006;Mawdsley et al, 1995;Stuntebeck et al, 2011;Xagoraraki et al, 2014). In addition, this result is consistent with results from research on other agricultural contaminants such as suspended solids and phosphorus which are recognized to be greater during winter and spring periods (Danz et al, 2010;Stuntebeck et al, 2011).…”

Section: Department Of Agriculturesupporting

confidence: 80%

Hydrologic, land cover, and seasonal patterns of waterborne pathogens in Great Lakes tributaries

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Great Lakes tributaries are known to deliver waterborne pathogens from a host of sources. To examine the hydrologic, land cover, and seasonal patterns of waterborne pathogens (i.e. protozoa (2), pathogenic bacteria (4) human viruses, (8) and bovine viruses (8)) eight rivers were monitored in the Great Lakes Basin over 29 months from February 2011 to June 2013. Sampling locations represented a wide variety of land cover classes from urban to agriculture to forest. A custom automated pathogen sampler was deployed at eight sampling locations which provided unattended, flow-weighted, large-volume (120-1630 L) sampling. Human and bovine viruses and pathogenic bacteria were detected by real-time qPCR in 16%, 14%, and 1.4% of 290 samples collected while protozoa were never detected. The most frequently detected pathogens were: bovine polyomavirus (11%), and human adenovirus C, D, F (9%). Human and bovine viruses were present in 16.9% and 14.8% of runoff-event samples (n = 189) resulting from precipitation and snowmelt, and 13.9% and 12.9% of low-flow samples (n = 101), respectively, indicating multiple delivery mechanisms could be influential. Data indicated human and bovine virus prevalence was different depending on land cover within the watershed. Occurrence, concentration, and flux of human viruses were greatest in samples from the three sampling locations with greater than 25% urban influence than those with less than 25% urban influence. Similarly, occurrence, concentration, and flux of bovine viruses were greatest in samples from the two sampling locations with greater than 50 cattle/km than those with less than 50 cattle/km. In seasonal analysis, human and bovine viruses occurred more frequently in spring and winter seasons than during the fall and summer. Concentration, occurrence, and flux in the context of hydrologic condition, seasonality, and land use must be considered for each watershed individually to develop effective watershed management strategies for pathogen reduction.

show abstract

Section: Department Of Agriculturesupporting

confidence: 80%

Hydrologic, land cover, and seasonal patterns of waterborne pathogens in Great Lakes tributaries

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Stormflow contributed 10% of total streamflow from October of 2006 to September of 2016 in the treatment and 15% in the control watershed, respectively, yet it contributed more than 50% of annual SS and TP loads. This concurs with the findings in Danz et al (2010) that baseflow contributed most of the annual streamflow, while most of the annual SS and TP loads were transported in stormflow for eight Driftless Area streams with agricultural watersheds ranging from 14 to 119 km 2 (5 to 42 mi 2 ).…”

Section: Streamflow Andsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…We used the USGS Hydrograph Separation Program (HYSEP; Sloto and Crouse 1996), which separates daily mean streamflow and loading data into baseflow and stormflow components following the method described in Danz et al (2010). Baseflow is the part of streamflow attributed to groundwater discharge into a stream without surface runoff (Stuckey 2006).…”

Section: Modeling Erosion and Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing a two-scale focused conservation strategy for reducing phosphorus and sediment loads from agricultural watersheds

Carvin¹,

Good²,

Fitzpatrick³

et al. 2018

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study tested a focused strategy for reducing phosphorus (P) and sediment loads in agricultural streams. The strategy involved selecting small watersheds identified as likely to respond relatively quickly, and then focusing conservation practices on high-contributing fields within those watersheds. Two 5,000 ha (12,360 ac) watersheds in the Driftless Area of south central Wisconsin, previously ranked in the top 6% of similarly sized Wisconsin watersheds for expected responsiveness to conservation efforts to reduce high P and sediment loads, were chosen for the study. The stream outlets from both watersheds were monitored from October of 2006 through September of 2016 for streamflow and concentrations of sediment, total P, and, beginning in October of 2009, total dissolved P. Fields and pastures having the highest potential P delivery to the streams in each watershed were identified using the Wisconsin P Index (Good et al. 2012). After three years of baseline monitoring (2006 to 2009), farmers implemented both field-and farm-based conservation practices in one watershed (treatment) as a means to reduce sediment and P inputs to the stream from the highest contributing areas, whereas there were no out-of-the-ordinary conservation efforts in the second watershed (control). Implementation occurred primarily in 2011 and 2012. In the four years following implementation of conservation practices (2013 through 2016), there was a statistically significant reduction in storm-event suspended sediment loads in the treatment watershed compared to the control watershed when the ground was not frozen (p = 0.047). While there was an apparent reduction in year-round suspended sediment event loads, it was not statistically significant at the 95% confidence level (p = 0.15). Total P loads were significantly reduced for runoff events (p < 0.01) with a median reduction of 50%. Total P and total dissolved P concentrations for low-flow conditions were also significantly reduced (p < 0.01) compared to the control watershed. This study demonstrated that a strategy that first identifies watersheds likely to respond to conservation efforts and then focuses implementation on relatively high-contributing fields within those watersheds can be successful in reducing stream P concentrations and loads.

show abstract

“…S2). This is consistent with observations that high loading events commonly dominate total event SS and TP for similarly sized watersheds in the same topographic settings in Wisconsin (Danz et al, 2010). Across all watersheds, the majority of event TDP yields occurred during thaw, ranging from 52 (S1) to 62% (P1) (Fig.…”

Section: Seasonal Distribution Of Event-related Suspended Sediment and Phosphorussupporting

confidence: 89%

Seasonal Variation in Sediment and Phosphorus Yields in Four Wisconsin Agricultural Watersheds

Good

Carvin²,

Lamba

et al. 2019

J of Env Quality

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Agricultural water quality projects in two distinct topographic regions in Wisconsin collected 5 to 10 yr of continuous stream discharge, suspended sediment (SS), total P (TP), and total dissolved P (TDP) in four watersheds (2100-5000 ha) from 2006 to 2016. Previous agricultural nonpoint SS and TP reduction efforts in two of these watersheds documented cold versus warm season differences in water quality response. The goal of this study was to identify seasonal partitioning of SS, TP, and TDP in storm event loads to inform stream water quality protection efforts. We used National Weather Service Coop Observer frost depth reports to identify dates when watershed soils were frozen. By comparing daily mean event discharge for dates relative to frost, we identified a 32-d post-frost high-discharge "thaw" period. Combined, the frozen and thaw periods contributed about half of the annual SS and TP runoff event loads, ranging from 47 to 63% for SS and from 45 to 51% for TP. The proportion of runoff event TDP during this time was even higher, 62 to 79%, with the majority during thaw. Watershed average volumetric runoff coefficients (event flow/precipitation and snowmelt) were two to four times higher during the freeze and the thaw compared with the rest of the year. To reduce total stream loads in regions with similar climates to Wisconsin, this study indicates that using management practices that curb sediment and P delivery to streams in the winter and early spring may be as important as those designed for nonfrozen conditions.

show abstract

Characterization of suspended solids and total phosphorus loadings from small watersheds in Wisconsin

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Hydrologic, land cover, and seasonal patterns of waterborne pathogens in Great Lakes tributaries

Hydrologic, land cover, and seasonal patterns of waterborne pathogens in Great Lakes tributaries

Testing a two-scale focused conservation strategy for reducing phosphorus and sediment loads from agricultural watersheds

Seasonal Variation in Sediment and Phosphorus Yields in Four Wisconsin Agricultural Watersheds

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About