Studi ini adalah cross-sectional yang dilakukan di Jakarta (pantai) dan di Bandung (pegunungan) dengan suhu rata-rata harian masing masing adalah 28 0 C dan 22 0 C. Sampel dipilih secara acak dari sekolah berturut-turut sebanyak masing masing 110 orang dan 99 orang. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengisian kuesioner, dan recall selama satu minggu untuk konsumsi aneka jenis minuman. Sebagian besar (73,2%) remaja di Bandung lebih menyukai air minum tanpa kemasan. Namun kebiasaan tersebut berbeda untuk di Jakarta, yaitu proporsi remaja yang mengkonsumsi air minum tanpa kemasan relatif sama dengan air kemasan (52,3% dan 47,7%). Rata-rata konsumsi air minum tanpa kemasan per hari secara signifikan lebih rendah di Jakarta (934 mL) daripada di Bandung (1038 mL) (p<0,05), sedangkan air minum kemasan secara signifikan berbeda, yaitu berturut-turut 1138 mL dan 452 mL (p<0,05). Remaja di pantai mengonsumsi air minum 500-600 ml lebih banyak dibandingkan di pegunungan. Lebih dari 16 kelompok minuman lainnya yang terdiri dari berbagai jenis minuman yang dikonsumsi oleh remaja, sehingga total asupan minuman per hari secara signifikan lebih besar di Jakarta (2787 mL) daripada di Bandung (2196 mL) (p<0,05). Meskipun asupan air minum (plain water) remaja di pegunungan hanya sekitar 1500 mL, namun rata-rata total asupan cairan di kedua daerah sudah lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan anjuran minum air (PUGS) sebanyak 2 liter. Kata kunci: konsumsi minuman, preferensi minuman, asupan cairan, remaja ABSTRACT THE CONSUMPTION OF BEVERAGES AND ITS PREFERENCE AMONG ADOLESCENTS LIVING IN JAKARTA AND BANDUNGThe objective of the study is to analyze the beverages preference and consumption of adolescents living in two different climates. The cross-sectional study was applied to 110 and 99 of high school students in Northern Jakarta and West Bandung to represent a coastal and mountainous areas respectively. A one week recall was applied to assess estimation of water intakes. The water intake was a summation of various beverages including drinking water.The results showed that the adolescents in Bandung prefered to drink home prepared water which the proportion was higher (73.2%) than those in Jakarta (52.3%). However, the adolescents in the coast mostly drank more bottled-water 3.9 times/day compared to 1.8 times/day in the mountainous area. The average of water intake was significantly higher in the coast (2787±1267 ml) compared to the mountain areas (2195±893 ml). The contribution of total drinking water was 74.3% dan 67.9% respectively.

Abstract. In this study, silica thin film pH=6 (precursor TEOS:tetraethyl ortosilicate) developed from sol gel process and deposited (2 layers) directly onto alumina substrate(tubular support with 100 nm pore size) without depositing interlayer (interlayer-free).Then, the desalination process via pervaporation was applied to test the membranesperformanceusing artificial saline water and wetland saline water. Results show the decrease of water flux (1.9 to 1.43 kg m -2 h -1 ) and salt rejection(97 to 95%) when using artificial salty water (0-7.5 wt%) and the long-term stability of silica membrane was stable at 1.7 kg m -2 h -1 for over 100 hours when using wetland saline water as a feed.Keywords: silica membranes; desalination; sol gel process, water flux and salt rejection. IntroductionLiterature reported that water is the basic needs of human living.Unfortunately, there is only 3% of water available as fresh water, the remaining 97% of watercontain salt. The World Health Organization (WHO) also said that there is more than 15% of the world's population does not have access to drinking water.One way to overcome the problem of accessing the clean water is by applying the appropriate membrane technology. Water desalination is one part of the technology to adapt. In addition, desalination has an environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, low operating cost and minimal use of chemicals. So this method becomes an interesting option for further investigation.Based on solubility or salt content in water, salty water can be grouped into three types (brackish water, saline water and brine water). Fresh water, brackish water, saline (sea) water and brine water has a salinity of less than 0.5, between 0.5 -17, 35 and above 35 ppt (part per thousand), respectively. Desalination is a process for reducing minerals dissolved in seawater into fresh water with a maximum concentration of 500 ppm. Membrane technology is a part of desalination process that mostly chosen due to its high efficiency, ease of operation, energy-saving and non-chemical. This technology has been widely applied to various processes such as gas separation, pervaporation, ion exchange membranes, membrane reactors and wastewater treatment. This technology has also several advantages, such as: enable to separate within specific chemical molecules, enable to operate at low temperatures, low energy consumption andfriendly environment. In addition, separation technique using membranes can run continuously and do not require much energy and the addition of chemicals (coagulant andflocculants). Sol gel process is a simple way to separate the molecules.

No abstract

Background With early diagnosis, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a curable disease. As studies in the past 15 years have shown, specific genetic changes occur in the neoplastic transformation of normal colonic epithelium to benign adenoma until becoming adenocarcinoma. Considering that dynamic, we aimed to determine how v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) V600E and Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) mutations relate to the location, histopathology, and degree of tumor differentiation in CRC. Methods With a cross-sectional design involving an observational analytical approach, we determined the relationship of BRAF V600E and KRAS mutations to the location, histopathology, and degree of tumor differentiation in CRC. Result The sample contained 43 patients with CRC aged 21–80 years, with an average age of 56.0 ± 11.2 years, 46.5% of whom were male and 53.5% female, for a male-to-female ratio of 1.0–1.15. Most tumors were located in the right colon ( n = 18, 41.9%), followed by the rectum ( n = 14, 32.6%) and left colon ( n = 18, 25.6%). Non-mucinous adenocarcinoma was more prevalent than mucinous adenocarcinoma, with 22 (51.2%) and 21 (48.8%) patients, respectively. Nineteen tumors were poorly differentiated (44.2%), 15 were moderately differentiated (34.9%), and nine were well-differentiated (20.9%). BRAF V600E mutations totaled six (14%), whereas non- BRAF V600E mutations totaled 37 (86.0%). BRAF V600E mutations significantly related to tumor location, degree of differentiation, and histopathology ( p < .01). Conclusion A significant relationship exists between BRAF V600E mutations in the stool of patients with CRC and location, histopathology, and degree of tumor differentiation.

Malocclusion is a common condition in the world's population but is not considered as a normal condition. A normal dentofacial development depends on the normal function of the muscles around the mouth, the balance between the muscles of the lips, cheeks from the outside of the dental arch and the inside of the tongue needs to be maintained. The imbalance of the three orofa-cial muscles will affect the development of dentofacial structures. Malocclusion occurs due to several factors including genetic factors and environmental factors. Prevention of malocclusion can be done in several ways, namely eliminating prolonged bad habits and improving nutrition during pregnancy. If malocclusion has occurred, treatment is carried out as early as possible so as not to aggravate the malocclusion.

No abstract

No abstract

His study aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning model on the ability to think creatively with Lesson Study patterns in class X students of SMA Negeri 2 Selong. This type of research uses the experimental method. Lesson study is applied in Class X IPA4 as an experimental class and class X IPA 5 as a control class of one cycle which includes the plan, do, and see stages. The study design uses Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Data collection techniques using creative thinking tests in the form of essays. Based on data analysis, the average value of students’ creative thinking abilities in the experimental class was 72.57 and the control class was 56.59. While the results of hypothesis testing at a significant level of 5% obtained t count (9.85)> t table (1.988). The conclusion of this research is that there is an influence of problem based learning model with Lesson Study pattern on the ability of creative thinking in class X students of SMA Negeri 2 Selong