The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs.eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.The study revealed the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) against egg and adult stages of red spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch). Results showed that M. anisopliae was more pathogenic against egg stage than B. bassiana, while B. bassiana was more pathogenic against adult stage. The results of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) described the development cycle of B. bassiana on T. urticae.
A method for determination of chlorofenapyr residues in squash by HPLC is described. Samples were extracted with methanol/water, followed by liquid-liquid partitioning and clean-up in chromatographic column, concentrated to a small volume. Analysis was then determined by HPLC equipped with UV-vis detector at 260 nm. The degradation rate of chlorfenapyr SC was studied and the results indicated that final residue in squash leaves reached 0.1 mg/kg after 14 day and was undetected for the fruits, which was considered safe for human beings and animal consumption.
The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The aim of the work is to investigate the effect of different fertilizers on the rates of beans infestation by different piercing sucking pests Tetranychus urticae, T. cucurbitacearum, Bemisia tabaci and Thrips tabaci and on the resulting crop yield. The fertilizer treatments are Ammonium sulfate, Calcium super phosphate, Potassium sulfate, a mixture of NPK and Micro-elements (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Bo & Mo). Results showed that means of green pods yielded by NPK fertilizer was significantly higher than other fertilizers in the two seasons.
The field experiment was conducted during summer and winter seasons to evaluate seven varieties of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for their relative susceptibility against some sap sucking pests Tetranychus urticae Koch, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadieu), Aphis craccivora Koch, Thrips tabaci Lindquist and leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess). The tested bean varieties were: Medina (V 1), R9251 (V 2), Teresa (V 3), Luvalde (V 4), Al-Hanna (V 5), Alexandria (V 6) and Excalibur (V 7). None of the varieties escaped the infestation of all these pests. Generally the population of T. urticae and T. tabaci were higher in summer than in winter, while population of B. tabaci and L. trifolii were higher in winter. Relative susceptibility of bean plants changed according to plantation season as, V6, V6, V5, V6 and V3 hosted the less number of T. urticae, B. tabaci, A. craccivora, T. tabaci and L. trifolii in winter season, respectively. While in summer plantation, V5, V1, V4, V1 and V7 hosted the less number of the same pests, respectively.
Spider activity occurred on three medicinal plants (Wormwood, Chrysanthemum and Spearmint) with organic and inorganic fertility was assessed using pitfall traps in Fayoum, Egypt. Community composition of the organic and the conventional cultivation of collected spiders were determined throughout the period of study using the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson Indices of diversity. Totals of 387 and 350 individuals including 20 and 24 species in the organic and the conventional cultivation, respectively, were of higher diversity index in the conventional system. According to Simpson, it was found that organic cultivation included the highest number of dominant species. Most species caught belonged to the family Lycosidae with especial high captures of Wadicosa fidelis and Pardosa species. Sorensen Quotient of Similarity concluded that the two communities were nearly approximate, as they recorded 64 % of similarity. The monthly fluctuation of the total number of spiders showed high population in March.
Spiders were collected by using ground pitfall trap and shaking method (vegetation beating). Pitfall-traps were practiced once every week in four medicinal and ornamental crops in Fayoum Governorate. A total of 315 spiders of 22 species, 2lgcnera and 15 families were collected, from 320 pitfalls and shaking method collections from of March, 10 to end of August, 2010. The family Lycosidae, was found to be the dominant in the four experimented fields, recording 159 individuals, representing 74.6 % of the total ground collected fauna; followed by the family Philodromidae which represented 20.1 % of the total of aerial collected spiders and being abundant in Red pepper vegetation. The composition of ground collected spider and their densities differed in the four vegetations from that of the aerial collected spiders. The activity densities of ground collected spider communities in the Spearmint, Castor bean, Roselle and Red pepper recorded 34, 64 and 73 and 45 individuals respectively, while those of aerial collected spider were 63 , 7 and 29 individuals in Spearmint, Castor bean and Red pepper. No spiders were collected from vegetation of Roselle plant. Community composition of the ground and the aerial collected spiders were determined throughout the period of study using the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson Indices of diversity. Obtained results revealed that species diversity differed in the two communities. Monthly fluctuations of the total number of spiders showed high populations in June .
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