BackgroundConsidering the high socioeconomic inequalities prevailing in Brazil and lifestyle as a strong determinant of morbidity and premature mortality, our purpose was to evaluate the degree of socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence of health behaviors among Brazilian adult population using data from the 2013 Brazilian National Health Survey.MethodBased on a sample of 49,025 individuals aged 20 to 59 years, we estimated the prevalence of several health behaviors and a score of unhealthy behaviors according to gender, education, race/color and possession of private health insurance. The prevalence ratios adjusted by age and gender were estimated by means of multiple Poisson regression and the analyses took into account the sampling design.ResultsSignificant social inequalities were identified in the Brazilian adults. Higher prevalence of current smoking, leisure-time physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, whole milk consumption and low ingestion of greens, vegetables, and fruits were observed among the less educated, in the non-white population, and among those without private health insurance. Higher prevalence of heavy episodic drinking was found in the non-white population, but no difference in the consumption of fatty meat was found according to skin color. Score of unhealthy behavior higher than 6 was more frequent in lower educational strata (PR = 3.74) in the non-white population (PR = 1.39) and among those without private health insurance (PR = 1.78). Compared to women, men had higher prevalence rates of smoking, hazardous alcohol consumption, and fatty meat consumption and lower consumption of greens, vegetables and fruits.ConclusionThe results of the study emphasize the importance of monitoring social inequalities in health as part of national health policies and the urgent need to prioritize actions to promote healthy behaviors, especially among the most socially vulnerable segments of society.

This cross-sectional study utilizes data from a nationwide web-based survey aimed to identify the factors affecting the emotional well-being of Brazilian adolescents aged 12–17 during the period of school closures and confinement. Data collection took place from 27 June to 17 September 2020. We used the “virtual snowball” sampling method, and students from private and public schools were included. A total of 9470 adolescents were analyzed. A hierarchical logistic regression model was used to find the factors associated with reporting at least two of three self-reported problems—sadness, irritability, and sleep problems. The main proximal factor was loneliness (AdjOR = 8.12 p < 0.001). Problems related to school closures also played an important role. Regular intake of fruits and vegetables, as well as physical activity, demonstrated a positive influence on emotional well-being, while excessive screen time (AdjOR = 2.05, p < 0.001) and alcohol consumption negatively affected outcomes (AdjOR = 1.73, p < 0.001). As for distal variables, less affluent adolescents were the most affected, and males reported fewer emotional problems than females. Uncertainty regarding the disease in a context of socioeconomic vulnerability, together with rises in unhealthy behaviors and isolation from their immediate social circles, have negatively affected adolescents’ emotional status throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate, in a population-based approach, the association of extreme sleep duration with sociodemographic factors, health, and well-being.METHODSWe analyzed the data from the 2014/2015 Health Survey in the city of Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil (ISACamp), performed with 1,969 individuals (≥ 20 years old). Associations between the independent variable and short (≤ 6 hours) and long (≥ 9 hours) sleep were determined using the Rao-Scott chi-square test. The analyses were adjusted with multinomial logistic regression models.RESULTSMen, individuals aged 40 to 59, those with higher schooling, those who have one (OR = 1.47, 95%CI 1.02–2.12), two (OR = 1.73, 95%CI 1.07–2.80), or three or more (OR = 1.62, 95%CI 1.16–2.28) chronic diseases, and those with three or more health problems (OR = 1.96, 95%CI 1.22–3.17) were more likely to have a short sleep. The chance of long sleep was higher in widowers and lower in those who have more years of schooling, with higher income, worked, lived with more residents at home, and reported three or more diseases (OR = 0.68, 95%CI 0.48–0.97) and health problems. The chance of either short (OR = 2.41, 95%CI 1.51–3.87) or long sleep (OR = 2.07, 95%CI 1.23–3.48) was higher in unhappy individuals.CONCLUSIONSThese findings highlight the higher chance of short sleep duration among men, among persons in productive age, and among those with a higher level of schooling in a Brazilian city. The association of short sleep with comorbidities and the association of happiness with extremes of sleep duration were also important results to understand the relation of sleep duration with health and well-being.

Aims and objectives This study aimed to analyse the prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation among family caregivers of people with mental disorders. Background Studies conducted with family caregivers of people with dementia and cancer point out a high prevalence of suicidal ideation among these subjects; however, this aspect has not yet been investigated among family caregivers of people with mental disorders. Design This is a cross‐sectional study, conducted with 537 family caregivers of patients from 16 Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) of the 21st Health Region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods Question 17 of the Self‐Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ‐20) was used for suicidal ideation screening. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was calculated according to sociodemographic and care variables, with confidence interval estimate (95% CI). Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated by logistic regression. The Guidelines to Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE Statement) was adhered in this study (See File S1). Results The prevalence of suicidal ideation found in this study for the 30 days preceding the interview was 12.5% (95% CI: 10–15). The factors associated with the outcome were lower age, lower schooling, feeling of burden, self‐report of stress problem and dissatisfaction with family relationships. Conclusion The prevalence of suicidal ideation among the studied family caregivers was high and strongly associated with issues regarding care, showing the need for interventions that provide support. Relevance for clinical practice Nurses are a large part of the workforce of the community mental health services. The careful characterisation of the subjects who show suicidal ideation, as performed in this study, may reveal specificities capable of refining the diagnostic potential for establishment of action plans in a timely manner, avoiding possible attempts or even the consummation of suicide.

Objective: to analyze socioeconomic inequalities in the self-reported prevalence of NonCommunicable Diseases (NCDs) and their disabilities in the Brazilian adult population. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from the National Health Survey carried out in 2019. The self-reported prevalences of individuals with some noncommunicable diseases were calculated, according to sociodemographic characteristics; and the prevalence and prevalence ratio of these diseases and degrees of disability, according to education and possession of a private health plan. Results: 47.6% of the population reported having at least one noncommunicable diseases. Noncommunicable diseases increased progressively with age and were more prevalent in women (PR 1.13; 95%CI 1.1–1.15), in black (PR 1.04; 95%CI 1.01–1, 06) or brown individuals (PR 1.05; 95%CI 1.01–1.09), illiterate or with incomplete elementary education (PR 1.12; 95%CI 1.08–1.16), in the Southeast (PR 1.10; 95%CI 1.05–1.14) and the South (PR 1.07; 95%CI 1.03–1.12) and among individuals who do not have private health insurance (PR 1.02; 95%CI 1.0–1.05). For the majority of noncommunicable diseases investigated, the highest reports of disabilities were among those with low education and without health insurance. Conclusion: adults with less education and without private health plans have a higher prevalence of noncommunicable diseases and a higher degree of disability. Thus, it is important to analyze health indicators in the face of different populations and disparities, in order to understand and monitor health inequalities.

No abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the use of health services and limitations in performing usual activities by adults and elderly people with and without noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs), according to sociodemographic strata. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which data from the 2019 National Health Survey were analyzed. The final sample corresponded to 88,531 households with interviews carried out, referring to individuals aged 18 years and above. The prevalence of use of services by the population with NCDs was compared with that of the population without NCDs and stratified by socioeconomic and demographic variables. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. Results: In 2019, 47.6% (95%CI 47.0–48.3) of the population reported having one or more NCDs. Population with NCDs had more medical consultations in the last 12 months (adjusted PR [APR]=1.21; 95%CI 1.20–1.23), used more health services in the last 2 weeks (APR=2.01; 95%CI 1.91–2.11), were referred to more hospitalization (APR=2.11; 95%CI 1.89–2.36), and had more limitations in performing usual activities (APR=2.52; 95%CI 2.30–2.76), compared with the population without NCDs. A positive dose–response gradient was observed between the number of comorbidities and the use of services. In all socioeconomic and demographic strata, the prevalence of indicators was higher in people with NCDs. Conclusion: The presence of NCDs was associated with a higher frequency of use of health services (i.e., consultation, use of services, and hospitalization) and the restriction of usual activities in all socioeconomic and demographic strata.

A pandemia de COVID-19 acarretou impactos biopsicossociais à saúde individual e coletiva. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a adesão ao distanciamento social, as repercussões no estado de ânimo e mudanças nos estilos de vida da população adulta brasileira durante o início da pandemia da COVID-19. Trata-se de estudo transversal com indivíduos adultos residentes no Brasil (n = 45.161) que participaram do inquérito de saúde virtual ConVid - Pesquisa de Comportamentos, no período de 24 de abril a 24 de maio de 2020. A coleta de dados foi realizada via web, utilizando-se de um questionário autopreenchido. Foram calculadas as prevalências e intervalo de 95% de confiança das variáveis estudadas. Da amostra estudada, apenas 1,5% levou vida normal, sem nenhuma restrição social e 75% ficaram em casa, sendo que destes 15% ficaram rigorosamente em casa. Os sentimentos frequentes de tristeza ou depressão (35,5%), isolamento (41,2%) e ansiedade (41,3%) foram reportados por grande parte da população estudada. Verificou-se 17% dos participantes reportaram aumento do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e de 34% dos fumantes aumentaram o número de cigarros. Observou-se aumento no consumo de alimentos não saudáveis e redução da prática de atividade física no período estudado. Conclui-se que houve elevada adesão ao distanciamento social e aumento dos sentimentos de tristeza, depressão e ansiedade, bem como aumento de consumo de alimentos não saudáveis, uso de bebidas alcóolicas e cigarros e redução da prática de atividade física. Essas mudanças são preocupantes e podem resultar em danos à saúde individual e coletiva a médio e longo prazo.