Enzyme immobilizations were widely used to increase their shelf life which is essential for the world’s industries. Therefore, amylase immobilized using Na-alginate as a matrix is necessary optimized and characterized. The parameters measured in the optimization of immobilization are the determination of the concentration of sodium alginate and contact time. Characterizations were conducted to determine the optimum concentration of substrate, the value Vmax, Michaelis-Menten constant (KM), pH, temperature, incubation time, and test reuse. The process of immobilized amylase activity test was performed in a continuous flow system using a reactor, and its sugar levels were determined using the Dinitro Salisilat Method (DNS). The results reveal that the immobilized amylase commercial has optimum concentration of Na-alginate of 5% (w/v) and contact time of 90 minutes with an immobilization efficiency value of 43.02%. Furthermore, the immobilized amylase has optimum activity at substrate concentrations of 3.5% (w/v), pH 4, incubation temperature of 40 °C, and a reaction time of 20 minutes with the value of the activity of 2760.4 U / mL. KM value of free amylase and immobilized amylase row are 0.18 mM and 0.15 mM, repectively. The value of KM immobilized amylase is smaller than the free enzyme. It proves that the immobilized amylase has a high affinity for the substrate. The immobilized amylase can be used up to 12 times with a value of the residual activity of 56.7%.
A research on optimizing the synthesis conditions to obtain carboxymethyl chitosan with the highest solubility in 1%(v/v) acetic acid solvent have been performed. Optimization was performed by varying: the concentration of NaOH during alkalizing the chitosan, chitosan: monochloroacetic acid ratio, temperature and reaction time. This study uses a full factorial experimental design. The results showed that the highest solubility was found in 40% (w/v) NaOH concentration, chitosan to monochloroacetic acid ratio of 1:7, reaction temperature of 80°C and reaction time at 4 hours with the solubility up to 63.78 mg /mL. IR and 1H-NMR spectra showed that the synthesis gave result to carboxymethyl chitosan. Results of physical characterization of carboxymethyl chitosan at the highest solubility showed the value of water content, ash content, molecular weight, and swelling effects up to 14.27%, 8.48%, 2,86978 x 105 g/mol; and 884.19%, respectively.
ABSTRAKDegradasi zat warna kongo merah limbah cair industri tekstil menggunakan metode elektrodekolorisasi telah dilakukan. Eksperimen dilakukan dengan mengelektrolisis kongo merah menggunakan katoda karbon dan anoda besi. Analisis konsentrasi kongo merah dilakukan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dibawah kondisi optimum pada voltase 12 V-jarak elektroda 1 cm-pH 4-konsentrasi H 2 O 2 500 mg/L selama 12 menit, zat warna kongo red limbah cair industri tekstil dapat didegradasi 99,83 %. Metode ini dapat digunakan untuk mendegradasi zat warna kongo merah.Kata kunci : kongo merah, metode elektrodekolorisasi, limbah cair industri tekstil
DEGRADATION OF CONGO RED DYE OF TEXTILE INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER AT PEKALONGAN REGENCY USING ELECTRODECOLORIZATION METHOD ABSTRACTDegradation of congo red dye of textile industrial wastewater using electrodecolorization method has been done. The experiment have been performed by electrolysis of congo red using carbon cathode and iron anode. Analysis of congo red concentration using spectrophotometric method. The result of the research showed that under the optimum conditions of 12V voltage -1 cm electrode distance -pH 4 -500 mg/L H 2 O 2 for 12 minutes, congo red dye of textile industrial wastewater can be degraded 99.83%. This method can be applied to degradation of congo red dye.
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